Midterm1 Flashcards
Mitochondrial eve
Research mitochondrial DNA
Interpreted tall modern people descended from a single woman 200,000 to 150,000 years ago
Eve and African garden statistically flawed in 1992
Out of Africa exclamation of modern people still supported through fossil records and genetic testing
Spitalfields
1999 Roman cemetery North of England
Stone sarcophagus- 2 lead coffins
Grave offerings around the sarcophagus cosmetics containers in a jet hairpin and jet ring Roman women
Objects date 350 A.D. and 375 ad
Head on Bayleaf’s
clothing silk with gold thread
woman early 20s
never birthed
Little decaying teeth high status good diet
Lead analysis in teeth shows her to have come from Spain Italy or another country
Lead the coffin was from England
Lead pigs
Refer to spidalfields
Ingots or coins made of lead that were made in England
Isotopes in the lead helped identify it
Lapedo Child
Lapedo valley Portugal 1998 found
Dated 24,000 years ago
After extinction of Neanderthal yet characteristics of Homo sapiens possible interbreeding of two species
Dental pubic proportion’s early modern human
Body proportions ratios Neanderthal bone length of leg
Found with pierced show Red deer animal bones pendants and burning rabbit evidence
Skull morphology Neadrathal skull not able to vocalize like a human no morphology for speaking
Cap blanc lady
Found in France
Body found in front of art wall with an ivory pick in abdomen
Found in the burial
Originally thought to be male and the artist
Later found to be a woman but did not relate her to being the artist
Relatively intact late ice age excavation started 1911 buried flexed laying on left three stones on top of head and feet ivory. In abdomen not common of Magdalenian era sold to Chicago field museum in the 1920s
Homo Habilis (handy Man)
East Africa 2.5 to 1.5 yo
Found 1964
Louis Leakey Philip Tobias John Napier
Evidence of tools used with fossil remains
Brain size 850-1100 cc Half size of the human brain
First remains known to science of earliest member of homo Genus
Monte Alban
Mexican archeologist Alfonso Caso Oaxaca largest pre columbian city Zapotec and mixtec cultures Explored 170 tombs from 1931 to 1948 Tomb 7 500 objects including gold silver copper etc. polychrome ceramics earns carved bone Finest collection of meso American metal work ever found 500 BC to 759AD and 1000-1520ad Well preserved woman found
Tiquantepe
Western Nicaragua
Summer 2016 roof of a new Sportsplex excavations
Found series of human burials
Pair of adult male and female placed on Basalt grinding stones
Ceramic diagnostic 1-300 A.D.
Ceramic jar with more human remains in your body three femurs and one jar more than one body
2 feet found
One more individual a few metres away from others almost fully preserved canania and skelton
Dolni Vestonice
August 13, 1986 Russia Triple burial found Last ice age 27,666 yo Shallow pit heads south between 17 to 20 years old
Center - oldest female - red ochre her pelvis and between thighs- physical deformities- bit down on reindeer pelvis bit in pain
Her left- big robust skeleton 5’9 lying on stomach facing away west
Left arm covered females hand
Her right- smaller mail 18 or 19 years old lying on left side facing female both arms touching her pelvis
Red pigment on all three heads animal teeth and ivory beads found
Bodies covered with wood burning about the wood
Speculation of burial shows failed birth but no newborn bones
Herculaneum
Sudden volcanic irruption 79 A.D. mount the Vesuvius which buried the Roman town of Pompeii - Herculaneum was nearby town
Unlike Pompeii, the deep pyroclastic material which covered it preserved wooden and other organic-based objects such as roofs, beds, doors, food and even some 300 skeletons which were discovered in recent years along the seashore. It had been thought until then that the town had been evacuated by the inhabitants.Herculaneum was a wealthier town than Pompeii, possessing an extraordinary density of fine houses with, for example, far more lavish use of coloured marble cladding.
Windeby girl- bog bodies
2000 years old
Possible sacrifice naked defleshed blindfolded and drowned in shallow water
Ponds composed of Peat acidic wetlands with organic deposits
Peat cutters found bodies 1952
The girls head was shaved on one side medical artist picture of her
Ponds spiritual place during the iron age
Talheim Germany
Southwest Germany 1983
Man gardening found bones
34 individuals 16 children 11 men 7-Eleven
6 millennium BC
Violent deaths
children blows to the head to
adults shot in the head by arrows and spears
Perpetrators other farmers all killed at the same time thrown in a pit
Using strontium isotope analysis three groups identified
Children of local origin
Women nonlocal
Others nearby district area
Isotope studies can also show me consumption of meat and give location grew up
Vilnius
Vilnius lithuania
Napoleons soldiers
Multitude of skeletons found in a communal pit December 2001
Infantry and cavalry men
Shades of blue and green uniform pieces gator buttons regimental ID at five Frank coins with Napoleon
Soldiers were napoleons soldiers few from the Imperial guard
Soldiers from retreat from Russia in December 1812
3000 skeletons piled on four layers of bodies
Amesbury archer
South England
16 small triangular arrowheads found to wrist guards which archers wear
Strontium isotope analysis- oxygen analysis
Teenage years spent in Central Europe and ended up in south England
Between 2300 to 2500 BC is when he died
Knee injury
Strontium isotope analysis
Strontium isotopes composition of tooth enamel provides info about where individual spent childhood
Isotopes provide fingerprint for different rock types distribution of rock types well documented around the world geology key to geographic location example talheim Germany
