Midterm Vocab

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

condensed DNA around proteins (in mitosis and meiosis) to form x-shape (ish)

Question 2

Chromatid

Answer 2

half of a chromosome, two chromatids held together form a chromosome

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

DNA dispersed in nucleus (long strands just floating there)

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

process of cell division in somatic (non sex) cells, one cycle of PMAT - creates two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

process of cell division in gametes (sex) cells, two cycles of PMAT - produces four genetically unique daughter cells

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

phase cells are in when not dividing (just living, functioning, etc.)

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

first stage of cell division, DNA is replicated and then condensed around proteins to form chromosomes (condensed, but not organized)

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

second stage of cell division, chromosomes are organized at center line of cell (moved by spindle fibers)

Question 9

Anophase

Answer 9

third stage of cell division, chromosomes are split into chromatids and pulled apart to opposite ends of the cells (moved by spindle fibers)

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

fourth and final stage of cell division, chromosomes are now completely separate and on opposite sides of the cell, new nuclear envelopes + cell wall begin to form and cytokinesis occurs

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

visible traits of an organism (ex. height, flower color, etc.)

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

DNA + actual genetic makeup (alleles) of an organism

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

organism with two copies of the same gene/allele

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

organism with two different genes/alleles

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

alternate forms of a gene (ex. one codes for red flower, one for blue)

codes for specific phenotypic characteristics/traits

Question 16

Cytokenisis

Answer 16

splitting of cells (not the process of division, actual split after mitosis/meiosis)

Question 17

Endosymbiosis

Answer 17

single celled organism absorbed/living in larger organism (how mitochondria, chloroplasts, other organelles were formed)

Question 18

Transpiration

Answer 18

loss of water to environment through stomatal openings (what pulls up the water + minerals throughout the plants vascular system)

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

process of creating energy in plants, uses CO2 and H2O from the environment and makes glucose and O2, needs ATP