MIDTERM UTILITIES 2 Flashcards
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER
PURE WATER - universal solvent
SOFT WATER - does not contain significant amount of dissolved mineral
HARD WATER - has the presence of elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum
3.1 PERMANENT HARD WATER - contains dissolved sulphate and limestone
3.2 TEMPORARY HARD WATER - containing carbon dioxide
POTABLE WATER - water that is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes
SOURCES OF WATER
1.Rainfall
2. Natural Surface
3. Underground Surface
METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF WATER
SEDIMENTATION - when particles that are suspended in the water will settle in the bottom of the container
CONTAMINANT - any undesirable physical, chemical, or microbiological substance in water
POLLUTANT - if the contaminant is considered as dangerous
CHEMICAL TREATMENTS - to kill harmful bacteria and to treat taste. Commonly used chemical is chlorine
FILTRATION - water is filtered to remove particles of matter. commonly used materials are sand and gravel
AERATION - raw water is made to pass on pipes of tiny sieves and exposed to air of fine mist
TYPE OF WELLS
DUG WELLS - excavated by hand and for shallow water
DEEP WELLS - sunk by machine and are classified as driven. water is obtained from loose formation of solid rocks
DRILLED WELLS - when the water is trapped from the fissures
TYPES OF WELLS ACCORDING TO THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
DUG WELLS
BORED WELL
DRIVEN WELL
DRILLED WELL
TRUCK MOUNTED DRILLING MACHINE
DRILLED WELL BY JETTING
used whenever the water supply at its natural pressure cannot be directly piped to a building, tank, or reservoir
PUMPS
TYPES OF PUMP
LIFT PUMP - consist of a piston travelling up and down connected to a pipe into the source
FORCE PUMP - used to deliver water at a point higher than the position of the pump itself
RECIPROCATING PUMP - includes a piston that moves to and from, either horizontally or vertically.
GATE VALVE
consists of a wedge–shaped plug and used when a normal fully open or closed position is desired
GLOBE VALVE
operated by screwing down a disk with soft packing until it presses tightly upon a metal seat.
CHECK VALVE
