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H Biology 1 > Midterm - Unit 1 Topics > Flashcards

Midterm - Unit 1 Topics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the levels of the biological hierarchy?

A

The levels of the biological hierarchy are the upper tier, middle tier, and the lower tier.

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2
Q

What are the components of the upper tier of biological hierarchy?

A
  • biosphere: all the environments on Earth that support life
  • ecosystem: all the organisms living in a particular area, plus non living factors with which they interact
  • community: all the organisms living in a particular ecosystem
  • population: all the individuals of a species within a specific area
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3
Q

What are the components of the middle tier of biological hierarchy?

A
  • organ systems: have specific functions; are composed of organs
  • organs: provide specific functions for the organism
  • tissues
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4
Q

At which hierarchy level does life emerge?

A

At the level of the cell, the lower tier

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5
Q

What are the components of the lower tier of the biological hierarchy?

A
  • cells: living entities distinguished from their environment by a membrane
  • organelles: membrane-bound structures with specific functions
  • molecules: clusters of atoms
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6
Q

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

A

It comes in and cycles through, then comes out changed.

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7
Q

What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

A

To provide the food for a typical ecosystem, take water and nutrients from the soil and CO2 from the air, and convert these raw materials into sugar and O2

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8
Q

What are the roles of consumers in an ecosystem?

A

Eat plants and other animals

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9
Q

What types of organisms are included in Domain Bacteria?

A

Bacteria (multiple kingdoms); prokaryotes, most are unicellular and microscopic

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10
Q

What types of organisms are included in Domain Archaea?

A

Archaea (multiple kingdoms); prokaryotes (unicellular and microscopic); live in extreme environments, like hot springs and salty lakes

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11
Q

What types of organisms are included in Domain Eukarya?

A

Protists (multiple kingdoms), Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia; eukaryotes, contain a nucleus and organelles

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12
Q

Describe natural selection.

A

Certain organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than organisms with other characteristics; it is the “HOW” of evolution; created by Charles Darwin

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13
Q

Features of a controlled experiment?

A
  • Control
  • Constant (variable that does not change)
  • Independent Variable (the variable changed between trials)
  • Dependent Variable (the variable we measure)
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14
Q

Features of a valid hypothesis?

A

Proposed explanation for a set of observations

  • uses deductive reasoning
  • doesn’t use first person
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15
Q

Hierarchy

A

Levels of organization

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16
Q

Life’s Hierarchy of Organization

A

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community,
Population, Organism, Organ system, Organ, Tissue,
Cell, Organelle, Molecule

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17
Q

Biology

A

Scientific study of life

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18
Q

Energy flows through an ecosystem, entering as _____ and exiting as _____.

A

Light, heat

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19
Q

2 major processes of an ecosystem

A
  1. Recycling nutrients

2. Energy flow

20
Q

____ fits _____ of cells.

A

Form, function

21
Q

By studying a biological _____, you can determine what it _____ and how it _____.

A

Structure, does, works

22
Q

The _____ level of biological hierarchy illustrates the idea of emergent properties

A

Cell

23
Q

The properties of life emerge from the _____ of the _____ of the cell.

A

Ordered interactions, structures

24
Q

Combinations of structures provide organization called _____.

A

System

25
Q

Prokaryotic cells are…

A
  • simple and small

- bacteria are prokaryotic

26
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A
  • organelles separated by membranes

- plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotic

27
Q

What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?

A
  • DNA
  • Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
28
Q

T/F: all cells have DNA

A

True

29
Q

____ is the genetic (hereditary) material of all cells

A

DNA

30
Q

The diversity of life results from differences in ______ from individual to individual

A

DNA structure

31
Q

Organization of living things

A

Order

32
Q

Maintaining a stable internal environment

A

Regulation

33
Q
  • Development allows a newly fertilized egg (zygote) to form a complete organism
  • Growth enables an increase in size in an organism from birth to adulthood
A

Growth and Development

34
Q

Bringing in energy and transforming it to a form useful for the organism (ex. photosynthesis)

A

Energy processing

35
Q

Responding to environmental stimuli

A

Response to the environment

36
Q

The ability to continue the species

A

Reproduction

37
Q

Gaining new traits that best suit the species to its environment

A

Evolutionary adaptation

38
Q

Biologists have identified about _____ species.

A

1.8 MILLION

39
Q

_____ more of species are identified each year.

A

THOUSANDS

40
Q

A group whose members have similar characteristics. They can interbreed and reproduce successfully.

A

Species

41
Q

The diversity of life was once divided into 5 ______.

A

Kingdoms

42
Q

Scientists now agree on categorizing the diversity of life into 3 _____.

A

Domains

43
Q

3 domains of life

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
44
Q

A classification group ABOVE the kingdom level

A

Domain

45
Q

In 1859, Charles Darwin published ________.

A

“Origin of Species”; it presented evidence to support the idea of evolution, it proposed a mechanism for evolution called natural selection

46
Q

The species living today are descendants of ancestral species

A

Evolution

47
Q

Darwin’s 2 observations caused inferring of natural selection

A
  1. Individual variation
    • individuals within a population vary in heritable traits
  2. Overproduction of offspring

H Biology 1 (3 decks)

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