Midterm Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of Inspiration?

A

Dictation Theory of Inspiration; Dynamic Theory of Inspiration; Verbal/Plenary Theory of Inspiration

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2
Q

What is the Dictation Theory of Inspiration?

A

Oldest theory; God dictated the words to the authors/scribes; upside is that the words we’ve got are the ones we’re supposed to have; potential downsides are it fails to account for human personality in the authors and it fails to account for the different personalities in each book

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3
Q

What is the Dynamic Theory of Inspiration?

A

The argument is that the thoughts and concepts are from God/inspired, but the words are the authors’; positive to this is that it explains human personalities in different books; potential negatives are that it begs the question that how do we know what Paul/other authors wrote what God wanted him to write; other arguments are that it allows for errors in the writings from the authors

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4
Q

What is the Verbal/Plenary Theory of Inspiration?

A

The argument is that God gave the authors the concept or ideas, yet he so controlled them and influenced them that they picked their own words, but God provided them with those thoughts; God has guided all the circumstances for the authors; it allows for God’s concepts, authors’ personalities, and what God wanted them to write down

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5
Q

What are the types of Revelation?

A

General Revelation and Special Revelation

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6
Q

What is General Revelation?

A

Available to all people in general; most common example is nature; God’s sovereignty is seen in creation

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7
Q

What is Special Revelation?

A

Revelation of God in a special way to a special people/person; it is more focused and targeted; it is necessary for salvation and it is given to us for that purpose

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Revelation?

A

Personal (the goal/purpose of special revelation is a personal relationship with God); Anthropic (God reveals Himself in such a way that man can understand it because He speaks to us on our level); Progressive (moving forward; special revelation is never complete); Closed (Revelation cannot be added to); Authoritative (if the Bible answers a question then it is the correct answer; if it is not answered then it is left up to us to answer ourselves); Universal (it is the revelation for anyone to believe)

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9
Q

What is the Doctrine of Canocity?

A

A canon is a measuring stick by which the books of the Bible were selected to be a part of the Bible; Each book was accepted into the OT canon because they do not contradict the other books and each book was accepted into the NT canon because it had to be by an apostle or associate apostle to be included

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10
Q

What were the 3 rules of canocity that apply to both Testaments?

A

Had to be written or inspired by an apostle or prophet; had to agree with previous revelation; had to be universally true or valuable

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11
Q

What is the Doctrine of Inerrancy?

A

The Bible says in multiple places that God cannot lie and if the Bible is the Word of God, then the Bible cannot be wrong; the Bible claims to be without error

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12
Q

What is Limited Inerrancy?

A

Argues that the scientific and historical sections of Scripture are not a part of God’s Word; those sections are not inerrant, only the spiritual sections are

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13
Q

What is Full Inerrancy?

A

Argues that the scientific and historical sections, not written to modern specifications, are a part of God’s Word and are inerrant (what was true then, scientists/historians have proved different now and every word was inerrant when it was written but the knowledge base has changed); this view allows science and history to have the last word/say on truth

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14
Q

What is Absolute Inerrancy?

A

The scientific and historical sections are a part of God’s Word and are inerrant according to modern specifications

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15
Q

What is prologomena?

A

First word; preface or foreword

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16
Q

What is theology proper?

A

The sole focus is about who God is and what He is like

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17
Q

How is an atheist still a theist in some way?

A

They have theories about God because they have chosen to deny the reality of God; they are focused on proving there is no God

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18
Q

What does an agnostic believe?

A

They say that they cannot know for certain if there is a God or not

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19
Q

What do monotheists believe?

A

There is one god

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20
Q

What do henotheists believe?

A

They worship one god among many; there are a lot of gods but they worship only one supremely

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21
Q

What do polytheists believe?

A

Many gods and they worship many gods

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22
Q

What do pantheists believe?

A

Everything is god; everything is one

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23
Q

What do panentheists believe?

A

God is in all things; the deity saturates everything

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24
Q

What are the six arguments for the Existence of God?

A

Teleological Argument; Anthropic Cosmological Principle; Cosmological Argument; Ontological Argument; Moral Argument; and Biblical Argument

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25
Q

What does the Teleological Argument say about the Existence of God?

A

Believes the created order gives evidence of a purposeful design; if it has a purpose, then it couldn’t have happened by accident

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26
Q

What does the Anthropic Cosmological Principle say about the Existence of God?

A

It is a study of the planets and says that if earth was any different, we would not be able to live

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27
Q

What does the Cosmological Argument say about the Existence of God?

A

Argument from causation; nothing produces nothing; has 2 parts which include a contingent being (something that can’t exist apart from the existence of something else; it is dependent upon something else) and necessary being (the being that the contingent being depends on; the being that exists in and of itself; self-sufficient and is independent)

28
Q

What does the Ontological Argument say about the Existence of God?

A

Says God is the being that which none greater can be thought; if you can think of the greatest holy being there is, then there is nothing greater than that

29
Q

What does the Moral Argument say about the Existence of God?

A

The fact of morality proves the existence of a higher judge of right and wrong; author of this concept was Immanuel Kant; says all humans have a universal sense of oughtness (ought to do this and ought not do that); For ethics or morality to be meaningful, there must be justice; For justice to be perfect, then the judge must be perfect which arrives at God; you don’t have to teach morality to people because we are built that way

30
Q

What are the Biblical Arguments for the Existence of God?

A

Inner Witness (our souls tell us there is a God); Outer Witness (God has shown that He is real)

31
Q

What are the different categories of attributes of God?

A

Incommunicable and Communicable

32
Q

What are the different incommunicable attributes of God?

A

Immutable; Omnipotent; Omniscient; Omnipresent; Simplicity

33
Q

What are the different communicable attributes of God?

A

Holiness; Goodness (mercy, grace, and patience); Omnibenevolence; Justice; Wrath; Jealousy

34
Q

What does it mean for God to be eternal?

A

He is timeless with no beginning or end; He is self-existent

35
Q

If God is timeless, how does He relate to time according to theologians? (2 Answers)

A

Atemporal Eternal View and Temporally Everlasting View

36
Q

What does the Atemporal Eternal View say about God and time?

A

Says that God is timeless so time has no effect on Him whatsoever, so God’s interaction with time is that He looks at time and sees every moment of time at the same time (Implications: this is how God knows the end and the beginning; predestination which says that God is outside of time and overlooks it all at once)

37
Q

What does the Temporally Everlasting View say about God and time?

A

Says that God experiences time, but it does not impact or change Him; God is bigger than time, but is not outside of time

38
Q

What does it mean for God to be immutable?

A

He cannot change/mutate; immutability applies to His purpose, will, and promises; His unchangeableness is related to His knowledge; He is not learning or adapting

39
Q

What is the difference between God’s immutability and passibility?

A

Just because God is immutable, doesn’t mean that God is impassible; He can feel emotions; His immutability means that the changes that occur in our world do not effect Him (relates back to time)

40
Q

What does it mean for God to be Omnipotent?

A

God is all-powerful; This can be misleading because He is all-powerful, but He has limitations for Himself such as He can’t sin; God has the ability to accomplish His will; He is able to do what He wants to do; Liberty, sovereignty, and self-imposed limitations are all apart of His omnipotence

41
Q

What does it mean for God to be Omniscient?

A

God is all-knowing; He knows His people, the future, He knows perfectly, He can never be wrong, He knows best, He knows the counterfactuals (the potentials and implications of every what if and what will); God does not forget, but He looks past our sin and doesn’t hold it against us; He doesn’t learn new things because He knows everything; He doesn’t change His mind because He already knows all things

42
Q

What does it mean for God to be Omnipresent?

A

God is all-present and He existed before there was space; He is everywhere at once, but He cannot be constrained by space; God’s power and knowledge extend to everywhere

43
Q

What does it mean for God to have simplicity?

A

God is unified; He is not schizophrenic; all the attributes are always true and they always coexist; The God of the OT is the same God as the NT; God is always the same; He is one God with the same attributes at all times

44
Q

What does it mean for God to have holiness?

A

Without sin and wholly dedicated to Himself; He is completely dedicated to His own glory and everything He does is committed to bringing Himself glory; His holiness is our standard; His holiness is perfect and demands worship; His holiness is manifested in His works, is seen in the law, is revealed at the cross, and is supposed to be seen in His people

45
Q

What does it mean for God to have goodness?

A

He is the standard for all that we describe as good; things are good because God does it; He is good without action

46
Q

What does it mean for God to have omnibenevolence?

A

All good power; God’s action are good; God is all loving; God is love, God loves, and God is loving

47
Q

What are two categories that grace comes in?

A

Common Grace; Special Grace

48
Q

What is Common Grace?

A

It is available or shown to all mankind in common; related to everyday living, not related to salvation

49
Q

What is Special Grace?

A

Relates to salvation; focused and narrowed to a special group of people (believers); Compassion; Prevenient Grace

50
Q

What is Prevenient Grace?

A

Operation of Special Grace; God’s grace must precede any human response or merit; God’s grace comes first; God takes the initiative and takes the first step; The human response is us responding to God’s grace, not God responding to us with grace; His grace comes first

51
Q

What does it mean for God to have justice?

A

God doesn’t do what is fair, He does what is right; God’s justice should encourage us because His justice is always perfect and correct; it is tied to His other attributes

52
Q

What does it mean for God to have wrath?

A

Because God is just, He must execute wrath; He can hold on to it, stall it, and passover it, but sin must be dealt with and He has to let lose His wrath on someone or something; Because of His nature, He cannot overlook sin, He has to deal with it; God’s execution of wrath is a fulfillment of His omnibenevolence because He loves Himself first

53
Q

What does it mean for God to be jealous?

A

God’s jealousy is always good and it is His desire to protect and promote His own honor; He is jealous for Himself

54
Q

What do the OT and NT say about the Trinity?

A

There is unity of God; Jesus is God; The Holy Spirit is recognized in both testaments as God

55
Q

What does Monarchianism or Adoptionism say about the Trinity?

A

Concern is to preserve the idea that God is King; says that Jesus became the Christ at baptism and upon His death on the cross, God adopted Him as His Son; Jesus is worthy of worship because of His adoption, but He is not as great or as equal as God; He is the most valuable being after God

56
Q

What does Sabellianism say about the Trinity?

A

There is one God who reveals/manifests Himself in three ways/modes at different times; sometimes He is God the Father, sometimes God the Son, and sometimes God the Spirit; He is never all three at the same time because there is only one God; If Jesus is God on Earth, then who is on the cross and who is God when Jesus died?—God (this leads to Patripassianism which states that God is dead on the cross—If God can die, then how is He God?); Sabellius was an accidental heretic because he didn’t think about the implications of his theory

57
Q

What does Arianism say about the Trinity?

A

Arias taught that there was a time when He (Jesus) was not (there was a time when Jesus did not exist); Jesus was created out of nothing by God before the rest of creation (He was the first), but He is not God so He is not worthy of the same worship as God the Father; Argues that Jesus is of a different substans

58
Q

What does Semi-Arianism say about the Trinity?

A

Says that Jesus is homoiousios which says that Jesus is like God, but is not the exact same as God

59
Q

What does Subordinationism say about the Trinity?

A

The argument is that Christ is eternal (not created), divine, but is not equal to the Father; Jesus is subordinate to God the Father; Jesus doesn’t function the same as God

60
Q

What does Pnematochianism (Macedonianism) say about the Trinity?

A

Answers that the Holy Spirit is a created being; God has always existed and He created the Holy Spirit to help Him be everywhere

61
Q

What does Socinianism say about the Trinity?

A

Man named Socinas argued that Christ is completely human and it is not until after the resurrection that God gives Him some of His power; similar to Arianism and Monarchianism

62
Q

What does Unitarianism say about the Trinity?

A

Says that the Trinity is irrational and they deny supernaturalism (miracles)

63
Q

What does Mormonism say about the Trinity?

A

They don’t deny the deity of Jesus because He literally is the offspring of the Father; they believe that Lucifer is a brother of Jesus; They don’t believe in a true trinity because they think that God has many children; Jesus is only unique in Mormonism because He is the first-born

64
Q

What do Jehovah’s Witnesses say about the Trinity?

A

Essentially hold to a form of socinianism; they believe that based on John 1:1 that Jesus is not “the” God, He is “a” god; Problem with this is that there are many places in the Bible that don’t use “the God”; if all things were created by Jesus, then Jesus would be a created being; they want to be Biblical and interpret every word to agree with their answers/beliefs; Problem is that Jesus cannot be a created being if He created all things

65
Q

What does Modalism say about the Trinity?

A

Most common modern trinitarian error; argues that there is one God who functions in different ways at different times which is the same argument as Sabellianism; the problem is water does not exist in all three forms at one time except in fision; any form of modalism ultimately and accidentally denies the independence of God because God had to create humanity so He would have someone to save and love, thus God needs us which makes humans the necessary beings rather than God

66
Q

What does the United Pentacostal Church say about the Trinity?

A

Oneness Pentacostalism; they don’t believe in the trinity and are intentional modalists; they deny the trinity as three separate but equal beings; they support oneness in the trinity which is intentional and not accidental

67
Q

What does the Systematic Theology say about the Trinity?

A

God is three separate persons all described as distinct being; They are co-equal (none are more God than the others; none are less God than the others); They are all consubstantial (whatever makes a deity God, they all have that quality/ontological quality); They are individuals that function individually and corporately; They are all co-eternal (they are three-in-one before everything was created and they have always been and have always been together)