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HHP 315 > Midterm Terms CH1-5 > Flashcards

Midterm Terms CH1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Positive psychology

A

an approach to human behavior that focuses on wellness & not just the absence of disease

  • quality of life
  • mental illness prevention
  • evidence based psychology
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2
Q

Evidence Based Practice

A

emphasis that application & practice must be based upon good science

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3
Q

Clinical/counseling sport psychology

A

trained in clinical or counseling psychology, ,may be licensed psychologist

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4
Q

Educational sport psychology

A

teach correct principles of and exercise psychology to athletes and coaches

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5
Q

Sport psychology

A

the study of the effect of psychological & emotional factors on sport & exercise performance & the effect of sport & exercise involvement on psycholigcal & emotional factors

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6
Q

Universalistic Model

A

training for multicultural issues that teaches cultural sensitivity

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7
Q

Cultural compatibility

A

training for multicultural issues that matches backgrounds of sport psychologist & athlete; less likely

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8
Q

Personality

A

all of the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; especially in social situations

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9
Q

Masking

A

purposefully or inadvertently hiding true personality

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10
Q

Role-related behaviors

A

indicative of how a person behaves in various, specific situations

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11
Q

Psychological core

A

who you are at the very base level

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12
Q

Psychodynamic Theory of Personality

A

examination of the whole person & their unconscious motives (id, ego, super ego); Freud

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13
Q

Id

A

pleasure-seeking

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14
Q

Ego

A

conscious, logical

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15
Q

Super ego

A

conscience

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16
Q

Social Learning Theory of Personality

A

an individual behaves according to how they have learned to behave; Hull & Bandura

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17
Q

Humanistic Theory of Personality

A

human nature is inherently constructive & healthy-people want to improve; Carl Rogers Self-Actualization & Maslow’s Theory of Needs

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18
Q

Trait Theory of Personality

A

innate disposition to act a certain way; considered to be stable, enduring, & consistent

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19
Q

Jung’s Theory of Personality

A

based on 2 personality attitudes (introversion & extroversion) and 4 functions of mental processes (thinking, feeling, sensing, & intuition)

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20
Q

Gravitational Hypothesis

A

individuals who posses stable, extroverted personalities tend to gravitate toward athletics

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21
Q

Global Self Confidence

A

personalities trait or disposition that facilitates daily living

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22
Q

Situation Specific Self Confidence

A

belief in a certain ability

-Bandura’s Self Efficacy

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23
Q

4 Fundamental Elements to Bandura’s Self Efficacy

A
  • successful performance
  • vicarious experience
  • verbal persuasion
  • emotional arousal
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24
Q

Momentum in Sport

A

a positive or negative change in cognition, affect, physiology, & behavior caused by an event or series of events that will result in a commensurate shift in performance & competitive outcome

25
Q

Antecedent’s Consequences Model

A

psychological momentum results in feelings of goal progression, self-confidence, motivation, and energy

26
Q

Multidimensional Model

A

psychological momentum is defined as being either positive or negative

27
Q

Projected Performance Model

A

psychological momentum has little effect of performance; there is no cause-and-effect relationship between labels and actual performance

28
Q

Hot Hand Phenomenon

A

the belief that performance of an athlete temporarily improves following a string of successes (affected by situation changes i.e. pressure)

29
Q

Social Factors

A

facilitate or cause feelings of competence, autonomy, & relatedness (experience of success, failure, competition, cooperation, and coaches behavior)

30
Q

Self-Determination Theory

A

social factors determine the beliefs athletes have about themselves

31
Q

3 Needs in Self-Determination Theory

A

1) Need for competence
2) Need for autonomy (hard work pays off)
3) Need for relatedness (team atmosphere)

32
Q

Amotivation

A

least self deterministic kind of motivation; behaviors that are neither internally nor externally based; absence of motivation

33
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

highest level of self determinism; comes from within, no sense of engaging in activity for material reward

34
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

motivation from awards, trophies, money, praise, social approval

35
Q

Women’s Self Confidence is Affected by:

A

Nature of the task (masculine or feminine)
Ambiguity of available information
Social comparison

36
Q

Traditional Achievement Goal Orientations

A

Task Goal Orientation
Ego Goal Orientation
Social Approval Goal Orientation

37
Q

Task Goal Orientation

A

mastery; perceived ability is a function of improvement from one point to another

38
Q

Ego Goal Orientation

A

perceived ability measured against others

39
Q

Social Approval Goal Orientation

A

emphasizes the desire for acceptance through conformity; desire to win so arent embarrassed

40
Q

Maladaptive Motivation

A

low ability to perform & high ego orientation

41
Q

Goal Involvement

A

how an individual relates to an achievement situation

42
Q

Motivational Climates

A

mastery climate

competitive climate

43
Q

Mastery Climate

A

athletes receive positive reinforcement for hardwork & improvement, demonstrating cooperation, and emphasizes contribution

44
Q

Competitive Climate

A

poor performance is punished, high ability athletes recieve all the attention, competition is encouraged among athletes

45
Q

Matching Hypothesis

A

athletes perform best when the goal orientation and the climate match (Task Goal Orientation-Mastery Climate; Ego Goal Orientation-Competitive Climate)

46
Q

Motives & Benefits of Youth Sports

A

fun and enjoyment
learn & improve skills
become physically fit & enjoy good health
challenge & excitement of competition
be with friends & enjoy team atmosphere

47
Q

Potential Negatives of Youth Sports

A
  • too much focus on winning & competition
  • increased distress & anxiety associated with over emphasis on winning
  • violence & aggression among adults
48
Q

Reasons for withdrawal from a sport

A 
*lack of fun and enjoyment*
failure to learn new skills
poor team atmosphere
distress & worry
too early
too much specialization
parental pressure & high expectations
49
Q

Reversed-Dependency trap

A

a situation in youth sport in which the child become an extension of the parent; parent comes to define his own sense of self-worth in terms of the success and failure of his son or daughter

50
Q

Benefits of Youth Sport Participation

A 
personal perks (intrinsic)
praise from parents & coaches (extrinsic)
decision making skills
51
Q

Motivational Climate

A

a situational specific state variable; may result in a change in the athlete’s goal orientation structure

52
Q

Stages of Sport Involvement

A

1) Sampling Years (6-12)
2) Specialization (13-15)
3) Investment Years (16+)

53
Q

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy

A

belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments; situation-specific self-confidence

54
Q

Harter’s Competency Motivation

A

individuals are innately motivated to be competent in all areas of human achievement; success will promote continuation while failure will encourage dropout

55
Q

Vealey’s Multidimensional Sport-Confidence

A

sport-confidence in conceptualized as being more dispositional (trait) or state-like

56
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

voluntary behavior designed to benefit another person

57
Q

Antisocial behavior

A

voluntary behavior designed to disadvantage and perhaps harm another person

58
Q

Adaptive motivational patterns

A

allow them to demonstrate persistence and sustained effort

HHP 315 (2 decks)

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