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Roman History > Midterm Study List > Flashcards

Midterm Study List Flashcards

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1
Q

Romulus

A

Definition: founder of Rome
Historical Significance? Roman myth
Dates? 753 BC - 716 BC

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2
Q

Remus

A

.Definition: Romulus’ brother
Historical Sig: Roman myth
Dates: 753 BC

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3
Q

Aeneas

A

.Definition: fled Troy; fell in love with Dido; ancestor of Romulus
Historical Sig: Roman myth
Date: 1000 BC

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4
Q

753 BC

A

Roman historians say this is when Rome was founded

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5
Q

Roman “Regal Period”

A

Definition: mythical 7 kings; when Rome came into contact with Etruscans; had advisors but basically one person had power
HIstorical Sig: First of three stages of Rome
Dates: 753 BC - 509 BC

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6
Q

Etruscans

A

Definition: came into contact with Rome right before Republic; we don’t know much about them
Historical Sig: they had the fasces; wrestling style fighting could have inspired Roman gladiators
Dates: Regal Period

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7
Q

disciplina Etrusca

A

Def: Etruscan religion
Hist Sig: Etruscan religion
Dates: Regal Period

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8
Q

Numa Pompillius

A

Def: 2nd king; a Sabine, thought to be most suitable to succeed throne; codifies religious rituals & forms; accepted because of his high character; lunar calender of 12 months; establishes priests = flamens, vestals, pontivex maximus
Hist Sig: Roman myth
Dates: Regal period; 716 - 673 BC

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9
Q

“The Sabine Women”

A

Definition: Romulus and his goons needed women, so they asked the sabines and the Sabines were like ‘no you guys are losers’ so Romulus set up a party for the Sabines and during the party took all of their women
Hist. Sig: possibly how Romans rationalized the Sabines intermixing with Romans
Dates: 750 BC

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10
Q

Lucretia

A

Definition: She was a Roman noble’s wife, who Sextus Tarquinius, son of 7th roman king, raped. He threatened her life, tried to sweet talk her, but what scared her into it was threatening to kill her but then lay her beside a naked slave so it would look like she was sleeping with a slave. She told her husband what had happened and then killed herself before making him and Lucius Junius Brutus promise to avenge her, which made Brutus overthrow the 7th king, Tarquinius Superbus, so that no person would have that much power again
Hist Sig: Kicked off roman republic; showed how lowly slaves were considered
Dates: Roman regal period; 510 BC

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11
Q

Lucius Junius Brutus

A

Def: overthrew 7th king, Tarquinius Superbus, and started roman republic; Romans believed he was an ancestor of the Brutus that killed Caesar
Hist: Roman republic founder
Dates: 509 BC

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12
Q

509 BC

A

Definition: foundation of Rome

Hist. Sig: Date Roman historians believe Rome was founded

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13
Q

L. Tarquinius Superbus

A

Def: 7th mythical Etruscan Roman king; last Roman king; father of man who raped Lucretia
Hist. Sig: Last roman king before republic
Dates: ended 509 BC; roman regal period

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14
Q

Latin League

A

Def: groups of Latins rose up against Rome but was crushed and spread out
Hist. Sig: ^^
Dates: end of 6th century BC

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15
Q

First Secession of the Plebs

A

Def: plebs wanted equality with patricians; many plebs went on strike w primary grievances being debt and arbitrary treatment by consuls; large amount of plebs march out of Rome to sacred mount to put pressure on Roman state in a time where rome was under military threat; effective bc plebs made up most of military
Historical sig: first attempt from plebs to gain equality
Date: 494 BC

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16
Q

Virtus

A

def: virtues of a ROMAN man
hist sig: qualities of a roman leader
dates: 2nd century BC roman republic

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17
Q

Fides

A

def: holding up a contract: fidelity
hist sig: quality of roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

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18
Q

Pietas

A

def: loyalty to rome and ONLY rome; includes gods
hist sig: quality of a roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

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19
Q

Constania

A

def: to be relentless; constant
hist sig: quality of a roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

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20
Q

Gloria

A

def: glory militarily
hist sig: quality of leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

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21
Q

Dignitas

A

def: dignified; serious
hist sig: quality of roman leader
date: 2nd century bc republic

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22
Q

Auctoritas

A

def: once one was virtus, fides, pietas, constantia, gloria and dignitas, they can be in a position of authorty; they can speak in public, run for office, and are to be listened to
hist sig: one needs all qualities in order to be a leader
dates: 2nd century bc republic

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23
Q

Veii

A

def: battle in which Romans defeated Etruscans; resulted in higher pay for soldiers and increased territory
hist sig: ^^
dates: 396 BC

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24
Q

Roman patronage

A

def: the relationship between roman families & their clients; basically favor for favor; like mafia families
hist sig: closest rome had to police
dates: roman republic

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25
Q

fasces

A

def: unity; bundle of sticks with an ax; strength of unity
hist sig: symbol of unity
dates: regal period

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26
Q

Battle of Zama

A

def: last battle of 2nd punic war; A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal Barca.
hist sig: ended punic war
dates: oct 19, 202 bc

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27
Q

Tiberius Gracchus

A

def; important roman tribune of plebs; proposed a reform called the “Lex Sempronia Agraria”. This was meant to reduce the number of poor and homeless people by allowing the rich to have only a certain amount of land.
hist sig: step forward in equality of plebs and patricians
dates; 154-121 bc

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28
Q

Do ut Des

A

def; “i give so that you may give”
hist sig: sums up the Romans’ relationship with the gods. Religious law centred on the ritualised system of prayer and sacrifice that in turn brought blessings from the gods.
dates: republic

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29
Q

Tanaquil

A

def; roman queen; married to tarquinius priscus, fifth king of rome
hist sig: roman myth
dates: late 7th - early 6th century bc; regal period

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30
Q

Servius Tullius

A

def; mythical 6th roman king; believed to have formally been a servant; assassinated by his daughter and her husband
hist; roman myth
dates; 578-535 BC

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31
Q

Tullia

A

def; daughter of servius tullius, 6th king; married lucius tarquinius superbus and with him assassinated her father
hist sig; roman myth
dates; 535 BC - 509 BC

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32
Q

Horatii vs Curiatii

A

def: roman myth; two sets of triplets; Horatii were Roman and the Curiatii Alban; During the war between Rome and Alba Longa in the reign of Tullus Hostilius (traditionally 672–642 BC), it was agreed that settlement of the dispute should depend on the outcome of combat between the two groups of brothers.
hist sig: roman myth; fashioned to explain existing legal or ritual practices.
date: between 672-642 BC

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33
Q

Horatia

A

def; ancient patrician family of rome; family of horatii triplets
hist sig; roman myth
dates; regal period

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34
Q

Verginia

A

def: was a maiden in Rome who Appius the judge wanted to smash so he proclaimed her to be his slave; her father tried to convince people that she wasn’t a slave and tried to petition her freedom but when it failed, he killed her
hist sig: shows roman’s low opinion of slaves, as her father would rather kill his own daughter than her be a slave
date: 449 BC

35
Q

Horatius Cocles

A

Def: A legendary military hero of early Rome. He is from the same family as the Horatii. During an Etruscan attack, the Etruscans appeared on a bridge. Upon seeing this great army most of the Romans soldiers fled headlong back to Rome. Only Horatius Cocles, kept his wits about him. He stopped at the middle of the bridge, and ordered his fleeing companions to destroy the bridge behind him. As Cocles fought on alone, Romans from behind began to destroy the bridge. He held back the enemy for a while, and just when it seemed he was about to be overwhelmed by their sheer numbers, the bridge at last gave way and they all plunged into the river. Miraculously, the fully-armored Cocles managed to swim back to the Roman side, as Etruscan arrows fell all around him. For his efforts, Cocles was later given all the land he could drive a plow around in one day, and a statue of him was placed in the forum.
Hist Sig: ^^
Date: 6th century BC

36
Q

Livy

A

Def: Roman historian that wrote at the end of Roman republic under Augustus. He spoke highly of Rome, and believed that the fall of the republic was because of a lack of morals, so he wrote to try to teach people how to act; wrote hundreds of years after events; wrote AFTER fall of republic
Hist Sig: We get many historical information from him
Date: 59 BC - 17 AD

37
Q

Cincinnatus

A

Def: the ideal Roman soldier; kept power for 16 days instead of 6 months once problem was dealt with and then went back to his simple life
Hist Sig: Historical figure
Date: 518 BC - 430 BC

38
Q

Polybius

A

Def: historian; political Greek hostage in Rome but respected the Romans; wrote down much of Roman history; very disciplined; separate what people think happened vs what actually might have happened; had an outside perspective; wrote BEFORE fall of republic
Hist Sig: prominent historian
Dates: 208 BC - 125 BC

39
Q

Hannibal

A

Def: brilliant Carthaginian general; his father made him swear to never be a friend to Rome; Livy builds up his virtus but says his many faults; 2nd punic war; took elephants over alps
Hist Sig: prominant historical figure
dates: 247 BC - 184 BC

40
Q

Camillus

A

Def: swooped in and saved Rome during Gaul war; Camillus triumphed four times, was five times dictator, consul and was honoured with the title of Second Founder of Rome.
Hist Sig: Prominant historical figure
Dates: 446 BC - 365 BC

41
Q

Twelve Tables

A

Def: series of 40 men commissioned to establish visible laws after conflict; laws inscribed on bronze tablets; codification in 450 BC; harsh written laws but people had access; defined patricians and plebians, no intermarriage
hist sig; roman laws
date: ca 450 BC

42
Q

leges Liciniae Sextiae

A

def: allowed for a plebian council
hist sig: roman law
date: 367 BC

43
Q

leges Valeriae Horatiae

A

def: ended 2nd 40 men series; led to reform legislation and created 3 laws; 1. pleb council was binding for all IF ratified by senate, 2. created citizen right of appeal and banned creation of a position that would stop appeal; 3. created plebian tribunes; major gain for plebs
hist sig: legislation reform
date: 454 BC

44
Q

lex Hortensia

A

def: law passed that made plebian council ruling binding for everybody and this time it stuck
hist sig: legislation reform
date: 287 BC

45
Q

patrician

A 
Def: aristocratic families that monopolized power; upper class
Hist. Sig: roman class system
date: 753 Bc - 1st century AD
46
Q

plebeian

A 
Def: lower class; 3 types: 1. very poor 2. wealthy but not as wealthy as patricians 3. middle of the two
Hist sig: roman class system
dates: 753 BC - 1st century AD
47
Q

Pyrrhus

A

Def: Greek general and could have won war against Rome but if he fought anymore he would lose all of his men
hist sig: Historical event; where the phrase pyrrhic victory comes from
date: 319 BC - 272 BC

48
Q

“Pyrrhic Victory”

A

Def: someone who wins a Pyrrhic victory has also taken a heavy toll that negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress.
hist sig: came from Pyrrhus
date: when pyrrhus won to now

49
Q

concilium plebis

A

Def: assembly of plebs; only affected plebs; had 2 tribunes that presided over meeting and protected plebs interest
hist sig: roman legislation
date: 494 bc

50
Q

concilium plebis tributum

A

Def: new magistrates added to concillium plebis
hist sig: roman legislation
date: 471 BC

51
Q

imperium

A

def: military command
hist sig: power of the consul, once held by king
date: republic

52
Q

comitia curiata

A

def: 1st assembly in monarchy; assembled by curiae (specific groupings of citizens); assembled to converse on controlling units of Rome
hist sig: roman legislation
date: roman regal period

53
Q

Viriathus

A

Def: Viriathus was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania or western Iberia, before being assassinated
Hist Sig: historical figure
date: 180 BC - 139 BC

54
Q

Gaius Gracchus

A

Def: after his brother was killed for trying to lessen powers of government, Gaius tried the same thing and succeeded
Hist Sig: historical figure
dates: 154-121 BC

55
Q

Marian Military Reforms

A

Def: three military reforms; 1. men without land would be counted in the census; 2. created a standing up army; 3. implemented retirement
hist sig: military reforms
date: 107 BC

56
Q

First Punic War

A

Def: first war between Rome and Carthage; fought for control of Sicily; Roman victory
Hist sig: war
Date: 264 BC - 261 BC

57
Q

Second Punic War

A

.Def: Carthaginian general Hannibal wanted to take control of Rome; Rome suffered many defeats but arose victorious
Hist sig: war
dates:218 BC - 201 BC

58
Q

Third Punic War

A

Def: resulted in final destruction of Carthage
hist sig: war
dates:146-142 BC

59
Q

nexum

A

Def: a Roman could sell himself into slavery to repay a debt
Hist: Way of the romans
Date: early roman republic

60
Q

Censor

A

Def: magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government’s finances.
Hist: Roman position
Date: roman republic

61
Q

Dictator

A

Def: position that allowed one person to have complete control of every part of Rome; only opened in emergencies
hist sig: roman position
date: republic

62
Q

Consul

A

def: highest elected official in rome
hist sig: roman position
date: roman republic

63
Q

Tribune

A

def: title of various elected officials
hist sig: roman position
date: republic

64
Q

pontifex maximus

A

def: head of a college of priests
hist sig: part of roman religion
date: republic

65
Q

Vestal Virgins

A

def: a group of virgins that had to keep a sacred fire burning at all times
hist sig: part of roman religion
date: republic

66
Q

“Struggle of the Orders”

A

def: struggle between patricians and plebs in which plebs wanted equality
hist sig: legislation reform
date: 500 BC - 287 BC

67
Q

Fabius Maximus

A

Def: roman dictator that evaded hannibal in the second punic war by delaying battles
hist sig: big factor as to why rome on 2nd punic war; militaries now use fabian strategy
date: 280 BC -203 BC

68
Q

Hasbrubal

A

Def: brother of Hannibal
HIst sig: historical figure
date: 245 BC - 207 BC

69
Q

Battle of Cannae

A

def: Roman defeat in 2nd punic war; worst defeat in roman history
hist sig: war
date: August 2 216 BC

70
Q

First Samnite War

A

def: first clash between samnites and romans, ended with roman victory
hist sig: war
date: 343-341 BC

71
Q

Second Samnite War

A

def: second war between samnites and romans
hist sig: war
date: 326-304 BC

72
Q

Third Samnite War

A

def: third wat fought between samnites and romans
hist sig: war
dates: 298-290 BC

73
Q

Battle of the Claudine Forks

A

def; decisive battle in second samnite war; no combat
hist sig; decisive battle
date: 321 BC

74
Q

subiugatio

A

def: brinign something under control
hist sig: rome did this a lot
date: whole dang time bro

75
Q

Battle of Lake Trasimene

A

def: battle in second punic war; hannibal defeated romans; biggest ambush in military history
hist sig: battle
date: June 24 217 BC

76
Q

Marcellus

A

def: nephew of augustus
hist sig: historical figure
date: 42 bc - 23 bc

77
Q

Siege of Syracuse

A

def: romans stormed syracuse, giving them access to all of sicily
hist sig: event
date: 214-212 BC

78
Q

Gallic Sack of Rome

A

def: Gauls defeat rome
hist sig: event
date:387-386 BC

79
Q

Roman Senate

A

.def: political institution of Rome
hist sig: legislation
date: all of rome

80
Q

comitia centuriata

A

def: divided groups of 100 roman men by classes
date:

81
Q

Cato the Elder

A

def: Roman soldier, senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write history in Latin
date: 234-149 BC

82
Q

Gracchan Land Reform

A

def: first attempted land reform
date: 486 BC

83
Q

Marius

A

.Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies.

Roman History (2 decks)

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