Midterm - study guide, powerpoint Flashcards
Ch1. Knowledge workers are professionals who ________.
create, modify, and/or synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs
Ch1. What is an example of outsourcing?
Microsoft hands over its customer service function to Convergys, located in India.
Ch1. What occurred when Alvin Toffler’s “third wave” gained speed?
Information became the currency of the realm.
Ch1. The type of Web sites that are designed to allow users to participate by adding, or editing content are called ________?
Web 2.0
Ch1. Outsourcing has seen a huge increase because of the ________.
decrease in telecommunication costs
Ch2. At the ________ level of a firm, the routine, day-to-day business processes and interactions with customers occur.
operational
Ch2. ________ are new technologies, products, or services that eventually surpass the existing dominant technology or product in a market.
Disruptive innovations
Ch2. Ben White is the manager of a retail store. His work typically includes the routine, day-to-day interactions with customers and, once in a while, solving a customer’s problem or dealing with a dissatisfied customer. Additionally, he has to keep track of inventory and issue an order for additional inventory with levels below a specified level. Ben is a(n) ________ level manager.
operational
Ch2. Managers in the ________ level are referred to as “executives.
strategic
Ch2. What is a disadvantage of firms that pursue a global strategy?
inability to react quickly to local challenges and opportunities
Ch3. A(n) ________ is also referred to as the computer’s brain.
central processing unit
Ch3. The most widely used operating system in larg businesses is which of the following?
Windows 7
Ch3. ________ is a term that refers to the transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel.
Bandwidth
Ch3. Packets are used on the Internet to __________
Deliver data and information across networks.
Ch3. Software that organizes, manages, and processes business data, such as data concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors, is called:
Application software
Ch11. Entering a large number of separate forms or documents into a computer system and manipulating this data at a single time is referred to as ________.
batch processing
Ch11. In a database table, a cell contains which of the following?
A measure of an attribute of an entity
Ch11. Which of the following types of ports is used to connect flash drives to computers?
USB port
Ch11. Which of the following is an operating system designed for mobile devices and developed by Google?
Android
Ch11. ________ languages use functional design elements which combine properties and behaviors to define the relevant system components, such as buttons on screens
Object-oriented
Ch4. A form of electronic commerce which is used to conduct business with business partners such as suppliers and intermediaries is called ________ electronic commerce
business-to-business
Ch4. What is an example of consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce?
Marty buys Lobsang’s mountaineering equipment on eBay.com
Ch4. Which of the following is an example of disintermediation?
OakTeak, a furniture manufacturing firm, started selling directly to its customers after it experienced a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers.
Ch4. In the context of B2B supply chain management, ________ can be defined as access points through which a business partner accesses secured, proprietary information from an organization
portals
Ch4. Companies following a ________ business strategy choose to operate solely in the traditional physical markets.
brick-and-mortar
Ch5. What is a basic concept associated with Web 2.0?
shift in users’ role from the passive consumer of content to its creator
Ch5. _______ is a phenomenon where companies use everyday people as a cheap labor force.
Crowdsourcing
Ch5. A major benefit of social software is the potential ability to harness the “wisdom of crowds,” which is also referred to as ________
collective intelligence
Ch5. Which of the following facilitates real-time written conversations?
instant messaging
Ch5. What is a factor that differentiates asynchronous communication from synchronous communication?
coordination in time
Ch.1 Define the first wave of change
A civilization based on agriculture and handwork
Relatively primitive stage
Lasted thousands of years
Ch.1 Define the second wave of change
The industrial revolution
Began at the end of the 18th century and lasted about 150 years
Ch.1 Describe the second wave of change
The information age
Information becomes the currency
Ch.1 Define the knowledge worker
An individual who is relatively well educated who creates, modifies, and/or synthesizes knowledge and fundamental part of a job
Ch.1 Describe the digital divide
those with access to information technology have great advantages over those without access
Ch.1 What is economic changes
Increases in international trade, development of global financial systems and currency, and outsourcing of labor
Ch.1 What is cultural changes
Increased multiculturalism through TV and movies; international travel and immigration; ethnic foods; facebook, FarmVille, Twitter, and YouTube
Ch.1 What is Technological Changes
Low-cost computing platforms and communication technologies; email, skype, and instant messaging; low-cost global telecommunications infrastructure; global patent and copyright enforcement
Ch.1 Define Information Systems (5)
Combination of five key elements; People, Hardware, Software, Data, Telecommunications networks
Ch.1 What is data
raw, unformatted information
Ch.1 What is information
data that is transformed to have a meaning
Ch.1 What is hardware
CPU, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, ext
Ch.1 What is Software
provide hardware with processing instructions
What is telecommunications networks
allow computers to share information and services
Ch.1 Organizations use information systems to… (4)
- be more productive and profitable
- gain competitive advantage
- reach more customers
- improve service to their customers
Ch.2 What are the three levels of Decision Making of an organization
Executive Level, Managerial Level, Operational Level
Ch.2 Describe the Operational Level of decision-making
Day to day business processes, interactions with customers
Ch.2 What types of decisions do Operational Level of decision makers make
structured, recurring, can often be automated using IS
Ch.2 Managerial Level decision makers are _________ managers
Functional
- Monitor and control operational-level activities
- –Focus: effectively utilizing and deploying resources
- –Goal: achieving strategic objectives
Ch.2 What type of decisions do Managerial level decision makers make
Semi-structured, Moderately complex, Time horizon of few days to few months
Ch.2 Who are Executive Level decision makers
President, CEO, Vice presidents, Board of directors
Ch.2 What type of decisions do Executive Level decision makers make
Unstructured, Long-term strategic issues, complex and non-routine problems - long-term ramifications
Ch.2 What are three major IS tasks: business value added
Automating: Doing things faster
Organizational Learning: Doing things better
Supporting Strategy: Doing things smarter
Ch.2 International Strategies in a digital world
The number of exclusively domestic companies is shrinking
What are 4 types of international business strategies?
Home replication strategy, multi-domestic strategy, global strategy, trans-national strategy
Ch.2 Define Home replication strategy
International business as an extension of home business
Ch.2 What are strengths/weaknesses of home replication strategy
Strengths: focus on core competencies in home market
weakness: inability to react to local market conditions
Ch.2 What is the appropriate use of a home replication strategy
Homogeneous markets
Ch.2 Define global business strategy
Centralized organization with standard offering across markets
Ch.2 What are strengths/weaknesses of Global business strategy
Strengths: standard products allow economies of scale
Weakness: inability to react to local market conditions
Ch.2 What is the appropriate use of global business strategy
homogeneous markets
Ch.2 What is multi domestic business strategy
federation of associated business units; decentralized
Ch.2 What are the strengths/weaknesses of multi domestic business strategy
strengths: quickly react to local conditions
Weakness; differing products limit economies of scale; limited inter-unit communication limits knowledge sharing
Ch.2 What is the appropriate us of multidomestic business strategy
very heterogeneous markets
Ch.2 What is trans-national business strategy
some aspects centralized, others decentralized, integrated network
Ch2. What are strengths/weaknesses of trans-national business strategy
Strengths: achieve benefits of multi domestic and global strategys
Weakness: difficult to manage; very complex
Ch.2 What is the appropriate use of trans-national business strategy
integrated global markets
Ch.2 Successful Innovation is ___________
Difficult
Ch.2 Innovation is often _______ and the advantages gained are often ___________
Innovation is often fleeting and the advantages gained are often short lived
Ch.2 Innovation is often _______ and sometimes even superior products can lose the race.
Innovation is often risky and the advantages gained are often ___________
Ch.2 Innovation choices are often difficult, foreseeing the future is ____ _______ _________.
Ch.2 Innovation choices are often difficult, foreseeing the future is not always possible
Ch.2 The Innovator’s dilemma
Define disruptive innovations
new technologies, products or services that eventually surpass dominant technologies
Ch.3 The IS infrastructure enables _____, ______, and _______ of data
The IS infrastructure enables processing, storage, and transmitting of data
Ch.3 What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A microprocessor, processor, chip, it is the main component of a computer
Ch.3 What are the two types of storage
Primary storage - Random Access Memory (RAM) - temporary/volatile
Secondary Storage - Hard Drive/Optical Disk/ Flash Drive-(Permanent/nonvolatile)
Ch.3 What are programs
Set of instructions
Ch.3 What are the two types of programs
System software/operating system and application software
Ch.3 Define system software/operating system
Collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware
Ch.3 What does one use application software for
Performing specific user tasks: writing a business letter, processing payroll, manage a stock portfolio, ext.
Ch.3 What are the 5 types of computers
Supercomputer - expensive, powerful, assists in solving massive scientific problems
Mainframe - very large, for governmental agencies or major corporations
Server - a computer on a network for file sharing, printing, and other services
Workstation - desktop computer, more powerful than microcomputer, used for visualization and rendering 3D models
Microcomputer - used for personal computing, small business computing
Ch.3 What is data and knowledge infrastructure
data stored for operational, backup, or archival purposes
Ch.3 Data and Knowledge Infrastructure are the ____ ________ assets an organization has.
Data and Knowledge Infrastructure are the MOST IMPORTANT assets an organization has.
Ch.3 What are databases
Collections of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches
Ch.3 Define Database management system
program that allows organizations to more easily retrieve, store, and analyze information
Ch.3 What are the four components of communication
- Senders and receivers with something to share
- a transmission medium (cable, wireless) to send the message
- protocols (rules) dictating communication
- Network
Ch.3 Define Bandwidth
Computer communication, transmission capacity, measured in bits per second (bps)
Ch.3 What is www
world wide web
Ch.3 What is a web browser
software application used to locate and display web pages (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome)
Ch.3 Define .com
commercial organizations
Ch.3 The ______ is a metaphor for the internet
cloud
Ch.11 What is Primary storage
temporary storage of the data and programs currently in use
Ch.11 What is Operating systems common tasks
booting (starting) computer, reading/managing programs, manage file location, formatting disks, controlling computer monitor, sending docs to printer
Ch.11 What are compilers
compilers are software to translate programming languages into machine code. Must be tested many, many times.
Ch.4 What is Electronic Commerce
Online exchange of goods, services, and money
Ch.4 What are the four most common types of E-Commerce (electronic commerce)
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Business-to-business (B2B)
Business-to-employee (B2E)
Consumer to consumer (C2C)
Ch.4 What is information dissemination
firms across the world have access to customers
Ch.4 What is brick-and-mortar business strategy
physical locations only, no electronic commerce - limited geographical reach
Ch.4 What is the click-and-mortar business strategy
hybrid strategy, both online and physical locations
Ch.4 What is the Click Only business strategy
online only, amazon.com
Ch.4 What is extranet
a private part of the internet
Ch.4 What is EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
computer-computer communication (without human intervention) following standards
Ch.5 what is web 2.o
Dynamic web applications that allow people to collaborate and share information online Ex. Articles online
Ch.5 4 enhancements of communication with web 2.o
blogs, social presence, instant messaging, virtual worlds
Ch.5 What is Microsoft SharePoint
a document management platform
Ch.5 Using everyday people to outsource work is ____-______ ____ (_________)
Using everyday people to outsource work is Human-based computing (Crowdsourcing)
Ch.5 What is Microsoft SharePoint
a document management platform
Ch.5 Using everyday people to outsource work is ____-______ ____ (_________)
Using everyday people to outsource work is Human-based computing (Crowdsourcing)
