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AICE International History > Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

True or false? Judaism was founded by Abraham

A

False-No particular founder

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2
Q

True or false? King Solomon brought stability to the Hebrew nation.

A

False-King David

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3
Q

True or false? The primary language of most people in the Roman empire was Greek.

A

True

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4
Q

True or false? Romans were known to adjust their laws to fit some of the customs of conquered peoples in the provinces

A

True

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5
Q

True or false? Christianity will be successfully spread due to the Roman system of roads.

A

True

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6
Q

What is a covenant?

A

An agreement

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7
Q

What is a prophet?

A

Messengers of God

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8
Q

What is a messiah?

A

Savior chosen by God

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9
Q

Who was Peter?

A

Considered the “first” pope

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10
Q

Who was Constantine?

A

Edict of Milan; Nicene Creed

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11
Q

Who was Paul?

A

Letter writer; considered the 2nd founder of Christianity

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12
Q

Who was Moses?

A

Receives second covenant

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13
Q

What were Gospels?

A

“Good news” mini-biographies of Jesus

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14
Q

What is the Torah?

A

First 5 books of the Bible; most sacred to Jews; Handwritten

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15
Q

What was Israel?

A

10 northern tribes

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16
Q

What was Judah?

A

2 southern tribes

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17
Q

The following ate true about the Jewish concept of monotheism except?

A

a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator

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18
Q

The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that?

A

people should love God and love each other

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19
Q

The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was?

A

Paul of Tarsus

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20
Q

The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its?

A

promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality

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21
Q

True or false? The official language of Islam is Persian

A

False-Arabic

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22
Q

True or false? Human forms are often depicted in Islamic religious art

A

False-Arabesque

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23
Q

True or false? Women had fewer rights in Pre-Islamic Arabia than after the faith began

A

False-more

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24
Q

True or false? The mongols killed the last caliph?

A

True

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25
Q

Who are the Ulama?

A

Ultra-conservative religious committee regulation the faith for the sultan/ruler

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26
Q

What does Dar-al-Islam mean?

A

World of Islam

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27
Q

What are Hadith?

A

words/practices/doctrine attributed to Muhammad; some better sourced than others

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28
Q

What is the Sharia?

A

body of Islamic law that regulated daily living

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29
Q

What is the Minaret?

A

tall, slender tower by a mosque; call to prayer

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30
Q

Who are the Umma?

A

community of the faithful

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31
Q

Who are the Dhimmi?

A

peoples of the book

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32
Q

What is Ramadan?

A

month of fasting from sunrise to sunset

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33
Q

The official calendar of Islam begins…

A

with the occurrence of the Hegira

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34
Q

According to Islamic belief…

A

Allah sent not his first but his final message through Muhammad

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35
Q

In addition to being Islam’s sacred book, the Koran…

A

is a collection of 114 suras that provide the ethical foundation for life

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36
Q

Mecca is an important city because it…

A

is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka’ba

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37
Q

Initially the Meccans did not accept Muhammad’s message because it…

A

threatened to replace Kaaba’s gods and disrupt pilgrimages and commerce

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38
Q

“Islam” means…

A

“submission”

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39
Q

During the Abbasid caliphate, the Arabs lost their dominant influence in governmental affairs and intellectual achievements to the..

A

Persians

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40
Q

The greatest beneficiaries of the sustained urban prosperity during the rule of the Abbasids were the…

A

artisans, architects, and merchants

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41
Q

A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the..

A

preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations

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42
Q

What is NOT a true statement about Islamic art?

A

The arabesque patterns found on woven Islamic carpets are quite sparse, and leave many areas without any decoration

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43
Q

The theological and political faction that supported the Umayyad concept of succession within Islam were the…

A

Sunni

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44
Q

What was the movement within Islam that emphasized mysticism and charismatic worship?

A

Sufis

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45
Q

The issue that confronted Muslims following Muhammad’s death, and the issue which eventually split Muslims into Shi’a and Sunni sects involved..

A

who was Muhammad’s legitimate successor

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46
Q

What is heresy?

A

enemy of the church

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47
Q

What is an abbot?

A

head of a monastery

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48
Q

What is a tithe?

A

10% of one’s yearly income; used to maintain church

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49
Q

What is vernacular?

A

everyday language of the people

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50
Q

What is a guild?

A

association of people working in the same craft

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51
Q

What is a fief?

A

grant of land

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52
Q

What is a serf?

A

peasant tied to the land

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53
Q

What is a lord?

A

granter of the land

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54
Q

Who was Henry IV?

A

Holy Roman Emperor associated with the lay investiture controversy

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55
Q

Who was John I?

A

Forced to sign the Magna Carta

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56
Q

Who was Hugh Capet?

A

First king of a unified France

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57
Q

Who was Henry II?

A

English king; created concepts of common law, grand and trial juries

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58
Q

The philosophy that mostly shaped the Middle Ages was..

A

scholasticism

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59
Q

During the Middle Ages, effective political and military power in Europe was…

A

local in nature with regional aristocrats holding the greatest influence

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60
Q

What was not true about the Hundred Years’ War?

A

Traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the key to victory

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61
Q

The early 14th century was troubled by..

A

the Little Ice Age

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62
Q

What was NOT true about the lives of medieval peasants’?

A

Many became members of agricultural guilds

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63
Q

What is NOT true about medieval Christianity?

A

Papal authority had diminished by the 13th century

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64
Q

What is NOT true about medieval towns and cities?

A

They were food producing, self sufficient units, in which commerce was secondary

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65
Q

The English king most responsible for establishing the Exchequer was…

A

Henry I

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66
Q

The incursion of the vikings into other parts of Europe…

A

were successful in part because of their ships which sat shallowly in the water

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67
Q

Charlemagne’s Empire accomplished all of the following except…

A

it restored an urban economy based upon the use of money

68
Q

The Father of modern English is…

69
Q

True or false: Columbus thought he could reach Indian by sailing east

A

False-west

70
Q

True or false: The Peace of Augsburg legalized Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire

71
Q

True or false: The Spanish begin the Age of Exploration

A

False-Portuguese

72
Q

True or false: Copernicus had an “official” meeting/trial with the Inquisition

A

False-Galileo

73
Q

Beliefs of John Calvin

A

salvation by predestination

74
Q

Beliefs of Roman Catholic church

A

salvation by Seven Sacraments + Good Works

75
Q

Established that the Act of Supremacy makes monarch head of church

A

Henry VIII

76
Q

Beliefs of Martin Luther

A

salvation by faith

77
Q

discovered that ellipse concept fixes the mathematics of heliocentrism

78
Q

Built the best observatory in Europe; extensive data collection

79
Q

calculus; Laws of Gravity; Laws of Motion

80
Q

re-introduces heliocentric theory

A

Copernicus

81
Q

creates first all water route to India

A

Vasco de Gama

82
Q

defeats Aztec

83
Q

discovers how to navigate Cape of Good Hope

A

Bartolomeo Dias

84
Q

first to circumnavigate the earth

85
Q

Which religious affiliation is INCORRECT?

A

Catherine of Aragon- Lutheran

86
Q

Who said, “they preach that the soul flies out of Purgatory as soon as the money thrown in the chest rattles. I believe when the money rattles in the chest, avarice and gain may be increased, but the effect of the intercession of the Church depends of the will of God alone”

A

Martin Luther

87
Q

Example of Portuguese and Spanish ethnocentrism during the late 15th century

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

88
Q

directly resulted from the English Reformation

A

England’s monasteries were dissolved and sold

89
Q

This product was NOT transferred as part of the Columbian Exchange from the Americas to the Eastern Hemisphere

90
Q

`An important result of the series of meeting of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)

A

Catholic Church enacted significant reforms

91
Q

As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg…

A

Protestantism became firmly established as an alternative to Roman Catholic

92
Q

The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus because they….

A

removed humans from the center of the universe as implied in Genesis

93
Q

True or false: The witchcraft craze in the 16th and 17th centuries was exclusively a big-city phenomenon

94
Q

True or false: the period from about 1560-1648 witnessed continuing warfare most often over religion

95
Q

True or false: France annexes Portugal when the king dies without a direct male heir to the throne

A

False-Spain

96
Q

True or false: The St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was planned by Catherine d’Medici

97
Q

True or false: The Spanish Netherlands was made up of Catholics in the south and Lutherans in the north

A

False-Calvinists

98
Q

True or false: The most devastating war of religion was the Thirty Years’ War

99
Q

True or false: The only time Phillip II ever laughed was when he was informed of the St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

100
Q

French Calvinists

101
Q

new order of monks associated with Catholic Reformation

102
Q

dynastic name/last name of Holy Roman Emperors

103
Q

Spanish royal palace/monastery/tomb all rolled into one!

A

el escorial

104
Q

principle/exercise of complete control within a government

A

absolutism

105
Q

“out the window”

A

defenestration

106
Q

rules for someone until he is old enough to govern in his own right

107
Q

astute politically; more interested in political unity rather than religious

108
Q

“Paris is worth a mass”

109
Q

established Spain as model for Catholic absolutism; personally leads the Catholic Reformation

A

Phillip II

110
Q

King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor; resigns

111
Q

gets France involved in 30 Years’ War

A

Louis XIII

112
Q

legitimized Calvinist worship

A

Edict of Nantes

113
Q

provided aid to Huguenots and Dutch Calvinists to weaken France and Spain

A

Queen Elizabeth I

114
Q

this event was greeted by Pope Gregory XIII with delight

A

St.Bartholomew’s Day massacre in 1572

115
Q

This was NOT part of or reflected in the Treaty of Westphalia

A

Russia acquired half of Poland

116
Q

Which side did the French join in the 30 Years’ War?

A

protestants

117
Q

greatest accomplishment of Napoleon

A

Code Napoleon

118
Q

document that gets rid of serfdom

A

Code Napoleon

119
Q

document that preserves some legislation from French civil rights- divorce laws, inheritance laws, women’s laws go backward

A

Code Napoleon

120
Q

this document repressed free speech and newspapers

A

Code Napoleon

121
Q
  • declared all men equal

- declared right to choose occupation, religion, and permitted divorce

A

Code Napoleon

122
Q

exiles Napoleon to Elba with income of 2,000,000 francs and 10,000 soldiers

A

Treaty of Fontainebleau

123
Q

Napoleon’s first wife

124
Q

only successful slave revolt in history

A

Haitian Independence

125
Q

What was the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

famous sea battle in which Lord Nelson died and France won

126
Q

government established by Napoleon

127
Q

2 governments ruled by Napoleon

A

1) Consulate

2) First French Empire

128
Q

year Napoleon declared himself 1st consul for life

129
Q

year Napoleon declared himself Emperor

130
Q

Napoleon’s second wife

A

Marie Louisse

131
Q
  • Spanish king and prince imprisoned in France

- Napo. appooints brother Joseph as new king

A

Spanish Ulcer

132
Q

stroke of state; illegal overthrow of government

A

coup d’état

133
Q

king of France after Napo.

A

Louis XVIII

134
Q

system of gov. after Napo.

A

limited constitutional gov.

135
Q
  • 4 levels

- reward people who contribute to france

A

Legion of Honor

136
Q

neoclassical era; known by Americans as “federal style”

A

“empire” style

137
Q

how Napo. made his name

A

Italian Campaign

138
Q

destination of Napo. final exile

139
Q

hurt most by Continental System

140
Q

The 6th Coaltion

A

Napo. defeat

141
Q

May 20- June 22, 1815

A

The “hundred” days

142
Q

what countries united to overthrow Napo.?

A

Prussia, Austria, Russia, England

143
Q

goal of Continental System

A

to isolate Britain and promote Napo.’s mastery over Europe

144
Q

educational reform established by Napo.

145
Q

Leipzig

A

city in which Napo. was defeated

146
Q
  • free slave
  • educated military man
  • led Haitian Independence
A

Toussant L’Ouverture

147
Q
  • church becomes ward of the state
  • Catholicism declared religion of the majority of French
  • Church brought back but not lands
A

Concordat of 1801

148
Q

June 18, 1815

A

Napo.’s defeat at Waterloo

149
Q

island owned by France

150
Q

discovered meaning of heiroglyphics

A

Jean Francois Champollion

151
Q

popular vote

A

plebiscite

152
Q

M
A
I
N

A

Militarism (industrial Revl.)
Alliances
Imparialism (country dominating another)
Nationalism

153
Q

What were the objectives of the Congress of Vienna?

A
  • undo what Napoleon did
  • reduce France to its old boundaries
  • Principle of Quarantine:surround FR.
  • Principle of Legitimacy:real rulers on throne
154
Q

country that dominates European politics from 1814-1848

155
Q

country that dominated European politics from 1848-1900ish

A

Prussia/Germany

156
Q

all revolutions run by..

A

middle class

157
Q
  • from Russia

- defeated Napo.

A

Tsar Alexander I

158
Q
  • Host of Congress of Vienna

- from Austria

A

Prince Klemens von Metternich

159
Q

Prussia’s representative at Congress of Vienna

A

King Frederick William III

160
Q
  • professional flip-floper
  • old regime
  • represented France at Congress of Vienna
A

Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand

161
Q

representative of Britain at Congress of Vienna

A

Foreign Minister Viscount Castlereagh

162
Q

key principles established at Vienna

A
  • Balance of Power
  • Legitamacy
  • Compensation
163
Q

changes made at Vienna

A
  • France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napo.
  • Germanic Confederation
  • Norway and Sweden joined
  • neutrality of Switzerland guaranteed
  • Britain given colonies in Africa and Asia
  • slave trade condemned
164
Q

Holy Roman Emperor ended by

165
Q

political spies enter college classes and organizations

A

Carlsbad Decrees (1819)

166
Q

1st failure of Metternich

A

Greek War of Independence

AICE International History (4 decks)

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