Middle Ages Quiz Flashcards
Who invented Barbarians?
Romans
What language did Barbarians speak?
German
Who was the emperor before Constantine and what was he famous for?
Diocletian. Split Roman empire; west was cut off from wealth of east; best trade routes in east, less tax money in west, west declines rapidly.
What are parts of the Legacy of Rome?
Republic government - Roman Law** - Latin language - Roman catholic church - city planning - Romanesque architecture style - Roman engineering (aqua-ducts, sewage system, dams, cement, arch)
What are the 3 parts of the Middle Ages?
Early MA: 500-1000
Middle MA: 1000-1250
Late MA: 1250-1500
What is a clergy?
monk or person who works for the church
was there a central government in Europe in 6 C.E.? If not, who had the power?
no. Everyone had little armies
After Europe was divided, what side spoke Greek? What did the other side speak? Who spoke Latin?
East-Greek
West-No official language
Latin was spoken by the church
What are the romance languages?
French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian
What was the first written language?
Italian
Who convinced the Barbarians to convert?
Monks
Where do monks live?
monastery
Head of monastery
abbot
How did the church gain its wealth?
There were no taxes on the church but the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe
The church tried to curb feudal warfare by…
assigning 40 days a year for combat (basically set a calendar for when you can kill someone)
What are the 2 reforms?
Dominicans and Franciscans
What is a tithe?
1/10 tax on your assets given to the church
What is a heresy?
Crime against the church; person who commits the crime called a heretic
Describe the Romanesque Architectural Style.
Rounded arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, darker/simplistic interiors, small windows usually at the top of the wall (windows were a point of weakness)
What was Charlemagne famous for?
Reuniting what used to be most of the Roman empire. Crowned Holy Roman Emperor Dec.25, 800
What did it mean if you became Holy Roman Emperor?
Nothing. It was a tie between pagasy and Franks but that’s it
What is carolingian miniscule?
Lower case
What is feudalism?
system of local government; a political, economic, or social system based on loyalty and military service;
King-lord-knight-peasant
What is a carcassonne?
A medieval castle
Describe the road to knighthood.
Start as Page at age 10
Move up to squire, assistant of knight
Promoted to knight
What is the chivalry? Who does it apply to?
A code of honor and behavior, only applies to people of your own class
What is a manor?
Self-sufficient village
What is a serf?
A peasant. NOT A SLAVE. Grew crops, tended animals, fix buildings. No military service
How was the English language developed?
Anglo-Saxon + Norman = English
What is an exchequer?
dept of royal finances
Who were the 2 contestants competing for England? Who won?
William and Herold. William ins after Herold is shot in the eye and dies
Who issued the Magna Carta? When?
King John I in 1215
What did the Magna Carta state?
Monarchs are not above the law.
Who established common law?
Henry II
What are burgesses/bourgeoisie/burghers?
Middle class
Who was Parliament? What were the 2 parts of Parliament?
Middle class.
House of Lords-nobles and clergy
House of Commons-knights an burgesses
Who unifies France?
Hugh Capet
Describe the Gothic Architectural Style.
Pointed arches, high narrrow vaults, thinner walls, flying buttresses, elaborate ornate airier interiors, stained-glass windows
When was the first crusade? Why was it special? Who ordered the crusade?
1096; only successful crusade; Pope Urban 11
How were towns and trade reborn?
Trade fairs
Where were the trade fairs located?
Northern Italy, Northeast France, Belgium
Complete control of a market
Commercial monopoly
Describe the process of having your own guild.
Start as an apprentice (8-11 years old) and live with master. Promoted to journey man and make money and complete work with boss, create a masterpiece which is presented to guild meeting, guild meeting decide if you become a master craftsman
What did guilds preserve?
Quality
What is scholasticism?
Faith + Reason
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
Founder of education, started scholasticism, wrote Summa Theologica
When did people start to write?
1200’s
What is vernacular literature?
Everyday language of the people
Who is Dante Aligheri?
Father of modern Italian
Who is Geoffey Chaucer?
Father of modern English
When was Spanish written?
1500’s
What does Renaissance mean?
French for rebirth
