Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
(95 cards)
What was the first permanent English settlement?
Jamestown, Virginia
What 3 aspects of Puritan influence continue today?
1) work ethic
2) goal centeredness
3) subservience of pleasure to duty
Name two things that sustained the Pilgrims through hardship.
1) will to suceed
2) confidence in God’s providential care
What was the main motive for migration?
Religious (freedom)
During the 17th century, puritans grew into a potent potential force. The meaning of the term Puritan broadened to include virtually all of what?
English Protestants other than those supporting the Anglican Church
Why did Puritanism decline?
1) secular values replaced religious ones
2) spiritual fervor declined
3) material prosperity brought worlds interest and goals
What is the halfway covenant?
A compromise that required expected / expecting church members to give a testimony about their salvation to gain membership.
According to Deism what is the solution to man’s problems?
Human reason rather than supernatural revelation of the Bible
What do deist believe?
1) God created the world and controls it but doesn’t intervene in its operation
2) man is flawless and can please God through his works
3) they believe in an afterlife
4) man’s good will be rewarded in a future life and his evil will be punished
5) man can become better through education
What is the description desists use for God?
“Great First Cause” and “Clock-winder”
What had to occur before a distinctly american literature could exist?
Early writers had to cast off their childlike dependence on English literature
Early colonial literature was mostly about _____________ because of the environmental threats.
Adversity
Once permanent settlements were established the subject matter focused on ______________.
Religion
What was the primary purpose of literature in early America?
Instruction
What style did early Puritan writers imitate?
Plain / plainness; not the ornate style
Modern critics unjustly criticized the Puritan writings as lacking what?
Artistry
In “A Description of New England” John Smith argues for worthiness of colonization. List the 4 powers from most to least important.
1) God
2) king
3) country
4) ourselves
Why did William Bradford begin writing “Of Plymouth Plantation”?
He feared that the small colony of Plymouth would be eclipsed one day by its sister colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony
What does John Winthrop’s journal primarily focus on?
God’s providential care for the colonists
According to Winthrop, what type of livery does man have in common with animals?
Natural Liberty
Mary Rowlandson’s captivity represents what?
1) attitudes of colonists toward Indians
2) colonists’ reliance on the Bible in difficult times
3) dangers of colonial life
Roger William’s belief about what principle has been influential among religious and political conservatives since his day?
Separation of church and state
What does Anne Bradstreet accomplish more effectively than any other Puritan writer?
Recording the touchingly human drama of Puritan life
In “Upon the Burning of Our House,” what reason does Bradstreet cite for determine that God is just?
All her goods belong to God