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American Literature > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Where was the first permanent settlement in the new world?

A

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)

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2
Q

What sustained the pilgrims through the hardships of their first years in New England?

A

Will to succeed

Confidence in God’s providential care

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3
Q

What was the cause of puritanism’s decline?

A

Secular values replaced religious ones
Spiritual fervor declined
Material prosperity brought worldly interest and goals

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4
Q

Because colonial literature naturally reflected the interests and concerns of its writers, it is not surprising that the earliest authors wrote mostly about -

A

Adversity because of environmental threats

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5
Q

Once he colonists had established permanent settlements, the subject matter of literature predominately concerned -

A

Religion

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6
Q

Underlying the literary romanticism of the period of national optimism was -

A

National mood of optimism

A spirit of confidence in the econo,y, political system, and the citizenry of the nation

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7
Q

Literary romanticism was a revolt against the literary values of -

A

The previous age

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8
Q

As romanticism brought respectability to American letters, American writers made important contributions to what two genres?

A

Short story

Novel

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9
Q

The crucial turning point in our national spirit came thus during -

A

American romanticism

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10
Q

What event brought more at tanks against the bible than did any other source?.

A

The publication of Darwin’s “Origin of species”

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11
Q

The new literary spirit of romanticism dominate American literature during what years?

A

1820-1865

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12
Q

Realism and naturalism appeared on the literary scene in the period -

A

1865-1914

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13
Q

The three major groups of writers during this period were -

A

Regionalists
Realists
Naturalists

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14
Q

The three writers who are considered the “masters of realism” are -

A

Howells
James
Clemens

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15
Q

How are naturalists best described? What is their belief?

A

They believed that life was controlled by inexplicable forces

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16
Q

The Regionalists served as the transition between what two groups of writers?

A

Major romantics and major realists

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17
Q

What event in 1914 makes the end if the literary period characterized by the emergence of realism and naturalism?

A

Beginning of World War I

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18
Q

What spirit of literary force did each of the following authors embody?
Howells, James, Clemens

A 
Howells - middle class spirit 
James - cosmopolitan / international spirit 
Clemens - frontier spirit
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19
Q

At the end of the literary period of realism and naturalism, what was the prevailing spirit?

A

Pessimism

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20
Q

What publication gained Bret Harte fame?

A

“The Luck of the Roaring Camp”

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21
Q

Ambrose Bierce was regarded by many as the first American writer to use what?

A

Black humor

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22
Q

What is Hamlin Garland’s grams of realism described as and what does it mean?

A

Vertism : truth

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23
Q

What literary element do Sarah Orne Jewett’s short stories emphasize?

A

Characterization

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24
Q

What type of people did Sarah Orne Jewett write about?

A

Simple country people of Maine

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25
Q

Why did Dickinson say that she rejected Christ?

A

“It is hard to give up the world”

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26
Q

How did Dickinson dress and when ?

A

She dressed in all white during the last years of life.

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27
Q

What did William Dean Howells bring respectability to?

A

Realism

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28
Q

In The American, how is Christopher Newman described?

A

Determined, intelligent, and resourceful (not sophisticated)

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29
Q

What is Henry James noted for?

A

His psychological realism

30
Q

What did Henry James develop through his characters?

A

“International theme”

31
Q

What did Henry James react against in fiction

A

Didactism

32
Q

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, what does Samuel Longhorns Clemens use to tie the episodes together?

A

Common setting

33
Q

What did Samuel Langhorne Clemens make into an artistic form?

A

Colloquial speech of the frontier

34
Q

From your notes, what two things is Samuel Langhorne Clemens described as?

A

Humanist and satirist

35
Q

What made Samuel Langhorne Clemens famous?

A

A tall tale

36
Q

In God Fashioned the Ship of the World Carefully, the ship travels on the sea with

A

No direction

37
Q

In what poem does Crane show the futility of man’s pursuit of happiness?

A

“I Saw a Man Pursuing the Horizon”

38
Q

Crane’s writings probed the inner workings of what?

A

A young soldier’s mind

39
Q

What is the theme of The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky?

A

The conflict between civilization and rugged individualism is exemplified in the clash between the settled east and the uncivilized west

40
Q

What is the theme of God Fashioned the Ship of the World Carefully?

A

Both God and the world are responsible for the world”s directionless course

41
Q

What is the theme of I Saw a Man Pursuing the Horizon?

A

The pursuit of happiness is absurd

This poem shows the futility of man’s pursuit of happiness.

42
Q

What is the theme of A Man Said to the Univese?

A

Whatever controlling over may exist feels no sense of obligation to man

43
Q

What is the theme of Should the Wide World Roll Away?

A

The ultimate values are only human values

44
Q

As a naturalist, what did London seem to believe regarding humans and animals?

A

There is no essential difference

45
Q

What is the theme for The Law of Life?

A

Man’s life is no different from that of the animals

In order for the species to remain strong, the weak and the ill are weeded out by nature

46
Q

What does The Law of Life show regarding get the continuation of the race?

A

It’s more important than the individual

47
Q

Jack London’s writings reveal his deep interest in what?

A

Evolution

48
Q

Norris’ works stress the importance of what forces in shaping one’s life?

A

Social and economic forced

49
Q

Who greatly influenced Frank Norris?

A

Emile Sola and Theodore Dreiser

50
Q

What is the theme of The Octopus?

A

Man is trapped by economic and social forces

51
Q

Markham’s basic philosophy reflects what?

A

Although man’s plight is at times tragic, it is not completely hopeless
Man is capable of solving his own problems
Man in his fullest potential can be “godlike”

52
Q

What is the dominant tone of The Man With the Hoe? AND what is the one optimistic implication?

A

Melancholic

One optimistic implication is the poem’s warning implies that a solution to the problem presented is at least possible

53
Q

What is Porter’s trademark in his writing ?

A

Surprise ending

54
Q

What is the literary element porter focuses most on?

A

Plot

55
Q

What is the definition of situational irony?

A

A contrast between supposition and reality

56
Q

What does literature of the 1930s, like John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath, generally emphasize?

A

Social issues

57
Q

What primarily characterizes the Modern Era?

A

Pessimism

58
Q

According to Freud, what is conscience a result of?

A

Social conditioning

59
Q

What author and book h age had the most significant lasting effects on the modern debasement of man?

A

Charles Darwin and “Origin of Species”

60
Q

What are the two contrasting and erroneous views of man that have affected the American thought since World War I?

A

Man is merely an animal

Man is his own God

61
Q

What is the name of the substitute religion that defies man, rejects God and advocates a one-world system?

A

Humanism

62
Q

Liberalism attempts to reconcile what two entities?

A

Traditional Christianity

Modern world view

63
Q

In what region of the South is most of Welty’s fiction set?

A

Mississippi Delta Country

64
Q

Where have her short stories regularly appeared?

A

National Magazines

65
Q

What did Eudora Welty win?

A

Pulitzer Prize

66
Q

Despite the win, what did Eudora Welty choose regarding where she wanted to live?

A

She chose not to move from her home region

67
Q

What is the major theme of August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains?

A

Mankind will wait too long to take action to stop its own destruction

68
Q

What did Ray Bradbury do while he was in high school?

A

Founded and adores a small, informal literary publication called Futura Fantasia

69
Q

Before settling on writing, what did he Rat Bradbury do?

A

Briefly tried acting

70
Q

How is Stockdale’s love of freedom beat explained?

A

An understanding that stems from knowledge of its rarity

71
Q

What had to occur before a distinctly American literature could exist?

A

Early writers had to cast off their child like dependence on English literature

American Literature (9 decks)

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