Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What is Sociological Perspective?
Seeing the general in the particular (individualistic vs external explanation).
What is Sociology?
The systematic study of human society.
Structural Functional Approach?
Parts of society working together, adapting, functioning, not positive or negative. (Macro)
Social Conflict Approach?
Conflict in society, generates change, haves vs have nots, competition for scarce resources. (Micro/macro)
Symbolic Interaction Approach?
Uses symbols, face to face interactions, body language. (Micro)
How does sociology differ from stereotypes?
1) doesn’t apply 1 generalization to the entire group
2) uses facts
3) is typically fair minded, more interested in the truth
5 steps to the research process?
1) define the problem
2) review the literature
3) formulate the hypotheses
4) research design
5) conclusion
Independent variable?
Causes change (constant) Ex how much you study
Dependent variable?
Variable that changes (changes)
Ex the exam grade
Correlation?
Relationship in 2 (or more) variables change together.
Spurious correlation?
A false relationship between 2 (or more) variables.
Ex increased ice cream sales and increased murder
Increased weather temp caused this relationship
Validity?
Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure. (Accurate, how valid is your independent variable)
Reliability?
Consistency in measurement. (Consistency in your results)
Survey?
Subjects respond to a series of questions.
Can survey a lot of people but may not get an honest answer.
Participation observation?
“Field study work”
You get the “insider’s look” but also may have biased results, also takes a long time and depends on 1 persons work.
Interviewing?
Researcher asks respondent in person.
Can receive open end answers and follow up questions but must tracking down respondent and might influence respondent.
Experiment?
Investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
Good for getting exact answers but many things can go wrong under “highly controlled conditions”.
What is culture?
Values, beliefs, and behaviors that are shared.
What is elements of culture?
Symbols, language, values, beliefs.
Norms?
Guidelines or rules guiding your behavior.
Folkways?
Common rules of conduct (manners)
Mores?
Strong held norms, expectations (morals, stronger)
What is cultural diversity?
High culture, popular culture, subculture, counterculture.
Ethnocentrism?
Judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.
Cultural Relativism?
Judging another culture by its own standards.
What is socialization?
How society transmits it’s culture values into its members. It’s important for human development.
How are we socialized?
Through human development (nature vs nurture)
What does the birth order teach us?
The order the children are born effects the role that child takes on. It changes the development for each child with the same family.
Total institutes?
Prisons, rehab, mental institutions, military.
Locke?
Blank slate.
Mead?
Baseball game
Cooley?
The looking glass self.
Erikson?
Facing challenges.
Goffman?
Play, front stage/ back stage.
Hirshi Control Theory?
Attachment, opportunity, involvement, belief.
Merton’s Strain Theory?
Conventional Cultural
Conformity| + +
Innovation| - +
Ritualism| + -
Retreatist| - -
Rebellion| Redefined Redefined
