Final Study Guide Flashcards
Deviants from a structural functionalist?
- Clarifies moral boundaries.
- Promote social unity.
- Encourages social change.
Deviance?
- Behaviors, traits, or beliefs that violate a social norm.
- Can be pos. or neg.
- Varies across a culture, time, & situation.
- Not simply a behavior, it’s a moral judgement.
Deviants from a conflict perspective?
- Who’s empowered to make the laws and label criminal activity.
- Norms reflect interest of rich and powerful.
- Powerful have resources to resist deviant labels.
- Believes that norms and laws are natural and good mask politician characters.
Deviants from a symbolist perspective?
- Frequency of association is central to the development of deviance.
- If associates are prone to violation of norms, the one is also more likely to take part.
Primary deviance?
Actually breaking the rule.
Secondary deviance?
The process that occurs when a person who has been labeled deviant except that identity and continues the deviant behavior.
Stratification?
A system by which a society ranks categories of people and a hierarchy.
Four principles of stratification?
1) Traits of society
2) Persists over generations
3) Universal but not variable
4) Involves not just inequality but beliefs
Income?
What you make. (Job/investment)
Wealth?
What you have/own. (debts - assets)
Riches 20% of Americans own ____ of you as wealth?
60%
Income inequality is getting ______.
Bigger
Wealth is distributed more _____ then income.
Unequally
Intergenerational?
Upward or downward social mobility of children in relationship to their parents. (reveals long-term changes)
Intragenerational?
Occurs during a persons life time. (siblings)
US has the highest ________ rates and highest ______ mortality.
Incarceration and infant
Sex is _____
Gender is _____
Biological
Social
How do we reiterate gender distinctions?
Socialization, language, doing gender.
Agents of gender?
Parents, adults, older siblings, mass media, education, and institutes.
Ascribed?
Race, sex, age.
Achieved?
Education, income, occupation.
What is mean to say that race is socially constructed?
Racist is a socially constructed category because society gives it a meaning.
Race?
A socially constructed category of people who share biological transmitted traits that members of society consider important.
Ethnicity?
A shared cultural heritage.
Prejudice?
A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people. (attitudes)
Racism?
Is the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another. (thoughts)
Discrimination?
Unequal treatment of various categories of people. (action)
Minority?
Any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates
Glass ceiling?
Women in the mail profession that can only go so high. (earning less for the same job)
Glass escalator?
Man in a woman’s profession that can go higher then women. (earn more for the same job)
Patriarchy?
Gender societies were men are dominant.
Two items Americans can have in wealth?
Cars and homes.
