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Self Care Practices > Midterm Study Deck > Flashcards

Midterm Study Deck Flashcards

1
Q

For which of the following conditions would a patient be more likely to self-medicate?

  1. Bacterial Infection
  2. Insomnia
  3. Diabetes
  4. Hypertension
A

Insomnia

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2
Q

True or False:

More potent prescription meds are being reclassified to non-prescription status.

A

True - Example: Zantac, Voltaren, Aleve

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3
Q

What is self-medicating?

A

Component of Self-Care which involves selection of suitable drug and non-drug measures (therapies) for the prevention and treatment of diseases and symptoms

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4
Q

What are some reasons a patient would choose to self medicate?

A
  • Quick
  • They have more control
  • For a recurrent minor aliment
  • It’s familiar
  • Fear/lack of trust in doctor/hcp
  • less expensive (especially if no coverage)
  • View issue as being minor
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5
Q

What are the positive and negative ways self-medicating impacts the HCS?

A

Good:
- Cheaper then doc/ER visit
- Reduces # of visits to the doc/ER
- Rx drugs are more costly

Disadvantages:
- Patient could choose wrong product
- Patient could misuse drug
- Risk of over/under dosing
- Miss drug/food interaction

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6
Q

What patient populations might need special attention when attempting to self-medicate?

A
  • ESL
  • Children
  • Geriatric
  • Illiterate
  • Physically challenged
  • Chronic diseases
  • Emotional
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7
Q

What are the RPh’s goals w/ patient non-rx counselling?

A
  • Avoid interactions
  • Increase knowledge
  • Benefit patient’s health
  • Proper dosing and compliance
  • Reduce side effects
  • Provide opportunity for follow up
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8
Q

What are the 3 possible recommendations from Pharmacist when counselling non-Rx patient?

A
  1. Assure patient that drug therapy is not necessary
  2. Suggest non-drug measure and/or non-Rx drug treatment
  3. Refer patient to appropriate medical personnel
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9
Q

What is the the role of the Pharmacy Technician?

A
  • Direct customers to appropriate section
  • Alert pharmacist to patients requiring recommendations or advice
  • Answer questions related to technical aspects of medications & self-care (Where, pricing, comparing classes/ingredients, clarifying information on labels)
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10
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Hay fever
- common chronic allergic airway disease that is common in childhood and decreases in severity with age
- Seasonal or Perennial

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11
Q

What are the common symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Congestion
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal Pruritus
  • Allergic Salute
  • Allergic “Shiner”
  • Red, itchy eyes and photo-phobia
  • Morgan’s Dennie’s Lines
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12
Q

What causes Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  • Contact with allergenic substances causes IgE antibody production
  • When re-exposed allergen is recognized by antibody causing allergic reaction and histamine release
  • Nasal Priming: less allergen needed to trigger on subsequent exposures
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13
Q

Non-Pharmacologic for Allergic Rhinitis

A
  • Avoid allergen
  • Vacuum
  • Use dehumidifier
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14
Q

How many baby teeth do most children have?

A

20

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15
Q

How many adult teeth do most people have?

A

32

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of teething?

A
  • Inflammation, biting and drooling
  • Fever and irritability
  • Occurs in 2/3 infants 4 days before tooth eruption with worst 1-2 days before
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17
Q

What are some complications of teething?

A

Cysts and abscess (infection)

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18
Q

How is teething treated non-pharmacologically?

A

Frozen facecloth or teethers cooled in fridge or freezer

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19
Q

What is a pharmacologic therapy for teething?

A

Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen (not under 6 months)
- infant drops are stronger concentration then children’s version
- dosing based on weight is more accurate
- Baby orajel is no longer recommended

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20
Q

What is plaque?

A
  • Gel-like matrix that builds up on tooth surfaces
  • can be above or below the gum line
  • leads to caries, gingivitis or periodontal disease
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21
Q

What are caries and how do they form?

A

Caries (cavities) are formed as a consequence of plaque formation. Bacteria turns sugar into an acid that causes enamel to demineralize and decay (pitting, fissures). If bacteria gets into the dentin/roots it can cause a bacterial infection.

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22
Q

What is gingivitis and who does it impact?

A

Gingivitis is the inflammation of the marginal gingiva (gums) by bacteria. It affects up to 50% of adults and can lead to loose teeth/tooth loss.

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23
Q

How is does calculus differ from plaque?

A
  • Calculus is the calcification of existing plaque deposits.
  • Yellowish color and close to gumline, salivary glands
  • Needs to be scaled by a professional
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24
Q

What is the best way to control plaque buildup using mechanical methods?

A
  1. Tooth brushing with soft rounded bristle toothbrush
  2. Flossing (mechanical) daily
  3. Interdental brush for bridges, braces, wide spaces
  4. Denture brush
  5. End-tufted brush (crowns)
  6. Sulcus Brush for inflamed/sensitive gums
  7. Orthodontic brush to remove plaque around wire/braces/teeth
  8. Gum stimulator
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25
Q

What is the role of toothpaste?

A
  1. Reduce plaque/tartar accumulation
  2. Strengthen enamel
  3. Remove food debris/stains
  4. Freshen mouth
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26
Q

What ingredients are usually included in toothpaste?

A
  1. Na fluride 0.11-1.1%
  2. Na monofluorophosphate (whitening)
  3. +K nitrate, triclosan, zinc (antibacterial)
  4. Ca phosphate hydroxide 10% (Reminerlization)
  5. Zylitol 25% (Kids - helps with ph levels)
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27
Q

What are some chemical methods to control plaque?

A

Mouth Rinses
HIGH Plaque & Gingivitis reduction: Chlorhexidene (RX only), sodium benzoate, SLS, sodium salicylate, thymol, menthol, eucalyptol (no kids/Listerine antiseptic original)

MODERATE reduction: Cetylpyridinium chloride
(antiseptic)

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28
Q

Why is hydrogen peroxide (Peroxyl) not recommended as a mouth rinse?

A

Can cause burns to oral mucosa, decalcification of teeth and generally doesn’t work as well as other safer rinses

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29
Q

What ingredient is commonly used in oral topical analgesics?

A

Benzocaine 10-20%

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30
Q

What is the difference between an analgesic and an antipyretic?

A

Analgesics are for pain relief and antipyretics provide fever reduction

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31
Q

What symptoms are typical of a Tension Type Headache?

A
  • triggered by stress/tension
  • Dull/deep/steady pain that is BILATERAL
  • Tightening sensation around forehead/temple
  • Pain in neck
  • Lasts 30 min - 7 days
  • NOT aggravated by activity
  • NO nausea or vomiting, but may not feel like eating
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32
Q

What symptoms are typical of a Migraine Headache

A
  • triggers are specific to individual and has an inherited/genetic component
  • Moderate or Severe/pulsing/throbbing/pounding pain that is UNILATERAL
  • Lasts 4 - 72 hours
  • YES aggravated by activity
  • YES nausea and vomiting
  • Sensitivity to light and noise
  • Can have aura
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33
Q

What are symptoms that are typical of a Cluster Headache?

A
  • Men > Women
  • Lasts 120 min and occurs in clusters (2-4x daily) for 1-2 weeks
  • Severe pain that is UNILATERAL
  • Behind the eyes causing tearing, sweating, swelling, congestion
  • NO nausea or vomiting
  • NO lying down or bending over
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34
Q

What are some prevention strategies for headaches?

A

Avoid triggers when possible

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35
Q

What are some non-pharmacologic strategies for Migraines?

A
  • Rest in dark/quiet room
  • Cold cloth/ice pack
  • Biofeedback, chiro, acupuncture, hypnosis, nerve block, homeopathic remedies
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36
Q

What pharmacologic therapies are usually used to treat moderate TTH, Mild/Moderate Migraines and Cluster headaches?

A
  1. Muscle relaxants: clorzoxazone, methocarbamol
  2. Stimulants: Caffeine
  3. NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, naproxen
  4. Analgesics: ASA, Acetaminophen, Codeine
37
Q

Which analgesics also act as fever reducers?

A
  • ASA
  • Acetaminophen
  • Ibuprofen and Naproxen
38
Q

What are the basic properties of ASA?

A
  • NSAID (salicylate)
  • Starts working in 30 min (fast dissolved in water, slow with food) and lasts 4-6 hours
  • Usually 325 mg dose or 81 mg low dose (daily) taken with full glass of water
  • Comes in plain, buffered, or enteric-coated forms
39
Q

What are some side effects of ASA?

A
  • Hard on GI (ulcers/bleeding)
  • Thins the blood
  • Some people are sensitive to salicylate class drugs
  • Can cause tinnitus or Reye’s Syndrome
  • Not for children under 18
40
Q

What are the basic properties of Acetaminophen?

A
  • Non-NSAID analgesic
  • Usually 325-500mg dose every 3-4 hours to a MAXIMUM of 4g/day for healthy adults
  • As effective as ASA but with fewer side effects (safe for children over 6 months)
41
Q

Does Acetaminophen have any side effects?

A
  • Can cause severe liver/renal damage if overdosed
  • always check to make sure you are not consuming too much as it is in many OTC products
42
Q

What are the basic properties of Ibuprofen & Naproxen?

A
  • NSAID
  • Usually dosed at 200 and 400mg
  • As effective as aspirin for pain, inflammation and fever
  • Coated tablets, liquid gel capsules, liquid suspension
43
Q

What are some side effects of Ibuprofen and Naproxen?

A
  • Can cause N&V
  • Heartburn
  • Hard on stomach (take with food/milk)
44
Q

What is a fever and what causes it?

A
  • Fever is elevated body temperature
  • Could be caused by infection, inflammatory diseases, immune responses
  • Body uses fever to help fight infection
45
Q

What temperature would be considered a fever in a child?

A

Rectal temperature over 38 degrees Celsius (normal clothes and resting)

46
Q

Where could temperature be measured?

A
  • Rectally (under 5yr)
  • Orally (over 5 yr)
  • Axillary
  • Tympanic (over 2yr)
  • Transcutaneous
47
Q

What are the two types of thermometers?

A
  1. Electric (digital) - takes 30-60 sec
  2. Analogue (mercury, galinstan) - takes 4-10 min and needs to be manually reset by shaking down
48
Q

What are some NON-pharmacologic therapies for Fever?

A
  • sponging with tepid water 30 min after antipyretic
  • removing excess clothing/bedding
  • increasing fluid intake
  • keeping RT between 20-21
  • resting
49
Q

What is Cerumen Impaction?

A

When ear wax builds up in the ear causing partial hearing loss, pain, vertigo, pressure or fullness

50
Q

What is ear wax?

A

Mixture of sweat and sebaceous gland secretions with skin cells

  • protects ear from bacteria, water, dirt
51
Q

What are some NON-Pharmacologic treatments for Cerumen Impaction?

A
  • syringe ear with tepid water or oil (4-6 drops/bid/4 days)
52
Q

What are some Pharmacologic treatments for Cerumen Impaction?

A
  • Oil of terebinth, chlorbutol, paradiclorobenzine (Cerumol)
  • Carbamide peroxide (Murine Ear)
53
Q

Which direction do you pull ear to administer drops in child vrs. adults?

A

Child: down
Adult: up and back

54
Q

When would you NOT use a syringe to clean the ear?

A
  • Pain
  • History of ear drum perforation, surgery or recent infection
  • Discharge
55
Q

When would a pharmacist refer a patient to urgent care for their ears?

A

Always!
- Objects in the ear
- Drainage
- Tinnitus
- Perforated Eardrum

Sometimes!
- Ear pain
- Hearing loss
- Swimmer’s Ear

56
Q

What are some some pharmacologic treatments that Pharmacist can recommend for minor ailments of the ear?

A
  • Antipyrine/benzocaine products for the ear
  • Isopropyl alcohol drops to dry the ear
  • Antibiotic drops containing polymyxin B/Gramicidin
57
Q

What is “in-scope” for a RPhT when talking to patients?

A
  • Can help patient select a diagnostic or monitoring test when recommended by the pharmacist or doctor by providing benefits/risks and identifying options
  • Refer to pharmacist for all therapeutic questions, can answer technical questions and collect information for pharmacist consult
58
Q

What is “in-scope” for a RPh?

A
  • Advise and assist patients to make informed choices, identify available options, explain care plan, health conditions, and provide referrals
59
Q

When would a patient NOT want to self-medicate for an eye condition?

A
  • Pain/inflammation
  • Injury/bleeding
  • Excessive discharge
  • Change in vison
  • Glaucoma
  • Macular degeneration
  • Cataracts
  • Diabetic retinopathy
60
Q

What eye conditions could a patient self-medicate for?

A
  • Dry eye
  • loose foreign material
  • Eyestrain
  • Burning sensation
  • Itching/stinging
  • Milk tearing
61
Q

What are some common eyeLID conditions?

A

Hordeolum
Blepharitis
Chalazion

62
Q

What is Hordeolum (Stye) and how is it usually treated?

A
  • ACUTE eyelid gland infection (eg. sweat gland blockage)
  • UNILATERAL, with swelling, pain, redness
  • TREAT with warm compresses 10-15min, TID-QID
  • Will resolve on own most of the time within 48hrs-1wk
  • Refer to MD if severe for prescription antibiotic
63
Q

What is Blepharaitis?

A
  • CHRONIC inflammation of the eyelid margin
  • BILATERAL with scaling, burning and itching
  • TREAT with warm compresses 5-10min
  • Use eyelid scrub to gently clean lid margin
  • Refer to MD if sever for RX antibiotic
64
Q

What is Chalazion?

A
  • CHRONIC inflammation of a gland
  • UNILATERAL with swelling, redness and rubbery nodule (NO pain)
  • TREAT with warm compresses
65
Q

What are some common eyeBALL conditions?

A
  • Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)
  • Dry Eye
66
Q

What are the three types of conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial, viral, and allergic

67
Q

What does bacterial conjunctivitis look like?

A
  • BILATERAL/ UNILATERAL
  • LOW itching
  • YELLOW discharge
  • CRUST formation
  • REDNESS
  • Lasts 2 weeks, 1-3 days with treatment
  • Pharmacist can prescribe Polymyxin B/Gramicidin eyedrops (qid x 7-10 days)
68
Q

What does viral conjunctivitis look like?

A
  • BILATERAL/UNILATERAL
  • LOW itching
  • LOTS of CLEAR/WATERY discharge
  • REDNESS
  • Resolves on its own but very contagious for 7 days
  • Can use ocular decongestant/lubricants for help with symptoms
69
Q

What does allergic conjunctivitis look like?

A
  • BILATERAL
  • Triggered by allergens
  • SEVERE itching
  • MODERATE clear discharge
  • REDNESS and SWELLING
  • Avoid allergen and use can use oral allergy meds, ocular decongestants, antihistamines, lubricants
70
Q

Oral antihistamine for EYE

A

Diphenhydramine

71
Q

Ocular Decongestants

A

Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Oxymetazoline
Tetrahydrozoline

72
Q

Ocular Antihistamine (usually paired with decongestant)

A

Antazoline (ANTA - antihistamine)
Pheniramine (ends in MINE - histamine)

73
Q

Ocular Lubricants

A

Methylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol

74
Q

Specialty Eye Drop for Allergies

A

Cromolyn - Sodium Cromoglycate

75
Q

What is “Dry Eye”?

A
  • SYNDROME that causes tear-film instability
  • Causes: tear deficiency, dry air, vitamin A deficiency, medication, contact lenses
  • Tear create three layer film that protects, stabilizes and is antibacterial
  • Avoid smoke, use humidifier, cool washcloth
76
Q

What types of eye drops are used to treat DRY EYE?

A

Artificial Tears
- Cellulose Derivitives that have carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hypromellose)
- Polyvinyl Polymers like polyvinyl alcohol

Ointments
- Petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin
- last longer, apply at bedtime as they can cause blurry vison

77
Q

When would the Pharmacist always refer the patient to the ER for an eye concern?

A
  • Foreign body in the eye
  • Ocular trauma
  • Infections of eye AND surrounding skin
  • Flash burns
78
Q

What is an OTC prevention for allergies?

A

Comolyn Sodium eye drops: stabilize mast cells, preventing symptoms

  • take 1 week before allergy season starts
79
Q

What is the difference between first and second generation antihistamines?

A

First generation: Sedating effect, anticholinergic
- diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, pheniramine, dexbrompheniramine, promethazine

Second Generation: generally non-sedating
- loratadine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, ctirizine

80
Q

What are oral nasal decongestants?

A
  • Nasal congestion with no effect on other allergy symptoms
  • Weaker then topical sprays, but no rebound congestion risk
  • Stimulating
  • Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
81
Q

What are topical nasal decongestants?

A
  • topical spray for adults and drops for kids
  • Faster acting
  • Can cause rebound congestion if used longer then 3 days
  • phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, sale
82
Q

What is the common cold?

A

ACUTE self-limiting VIRAL infection
- Nose and throat
- Sneezing, rhinorrhea, fever, malaise, dry cough, sore throat
- 1-2 weeks

83
Q

What is the flu?

A

ACUTE infection that occurs in epidemics in the fall/winter
- Same symptoms as the cold but with FASTER ONSET and MORE SEVERE
- Chills, GI symptoms
- 10 days with fatigue lingers for a couple weeks after
- Higher risk of complications with other chronic disorders, nursing home, elderly

84
Q

What is Sinusitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the sinuses in response to infection or allergy that can cause headache/pain, impaired taste and smell
85
Q

What is pharyngitis (sore throat)?

A
  • Inflammatory syndrome that can be bacterial or viral
  • Can present with cold, allergic rhinitis or sinusitis
  • If viral, it usually lasts 3 days
86
Q

What are some non-pharmacologic therapies for cold, flu, sore throat and sinus infection?

A
  • Bed-rest
  • Drinking lots of water
  • Humidifier
  • Eating healthy food
  • Saline nose spray
  • Petrolatum to protect nasal area
87
Q

What are some pharmacologic therapies for respiratory conditions?

A
  • NSAIDS to reduce pain and fever
  • Local anesthetics (benzocaine lozenges)
  • Antihistamines
  • Decongestants (not with high blood pressure)
88
Q

What the three types of cough?

A
  1. Congested and productive - treat with water only
  2. Congested and Non-Productive - Expectorant with Guaifenesin
  3. Dry & Non-productive - Antitussive with Dextromethorphan or Codeine
89
Q

What does DM-D-E indicate for Benylin products?

A

Self Care Practices (2 decks)

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