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OTA 2 > Midterm Study > Flashcards

Midterm Study Flashcards

1
Q

10 enablement skills #1: adapt

A

to fit into situation

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2
Q

10 enablement skills #2: advocate

A

raise critical perspectives (supports or reccommends)

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3
Q

10 enablement skills #3: coach

A

ongoing partnership with client

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4
Q

10 enablement skills #4: colaborate

A

to work jointly

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5
Q

10 enablement skills #5: consult

A

exchange views and information

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6
Q

10 enablement skills #6: coordinate

A

integrate, synthesize, document, link

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7
Q

10 enablement skills #7: design?build

A

products, adaptations

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8
Q

10 enablement skills #8: educate

A

empathsize learning through doing

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9
Q

CVA on left (right hemi)

A
  • Verbal communication problems (aphasia)
  • Decreased analytical and mathematical ability
  • Motor planning problems (Apraxia)
  • Depression more common
  • Cautious
  • Are more likely to achieve self-care independence earlier
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10
Q

CVA on right (left hemi)

A
  • Visual/perceptual deficits
  • Difficulty with tasks requiring spatial analysis
  • Neglect of left side
  • Dressing apraxia (coordinated movement)
  • Slower to become independent
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11
Q

brain stem stroke effects..

A

can effect both sides of the body (depending on severity)

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12
Q

cerebellar stroke effects..

A

can cause lack of balance and coordination (Ataxia), can also cause slurring of speech (Dysarthria)

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13
Q

avoid learned non use syndrome because it leads to..

A

Decrease strength
Decrease ROM
Decrease fine motor skill
contractures

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14
Q

7 stages of recovery

A
  1. Flaccidity; no movement .
  2. Movement patterns emerge (synergies); limited voluntary movement; spasticity begins
  3. Spasticity peaks.
  4. Spasticity declines; movements more functional
  5. More difficult movement patterns are mastered
  6. Individual joints movements are mastered. Continued decline of spasticity.
  7. Normal motor function restored.
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15
Q

typical spastic pattern

A 
Scapular retraction
Shoulder depression and internal rotation
Elbow flexion
Forearm pronation
Wrist flexion
Flexion and adduction of the fingers
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16
Q

if not handled properly the hemiplegic arm can develope

A

pain syndrome

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17
Q

painful shoulder interferes with..

A

Interferes with the rehab.
Makes sleeping difficult
Requires more medication
Client avoids using arm for function

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18
Q

shoulder pain impigement caused by

A

trauma to the joint

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19
Q

shoulder pain immobility cause

A

by not doing anything, soft tissue tightness andloss of ROM

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20
Q

shoulder hand syndrome signs

A

limited shoulder ROM (with or without pain)
swollen, shiny hand with limited finger ROM
pain in even slight wrist extension

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21
Q

why should the hemiplegic shoulder be handled properly?

A

to prevent the development of pain syndrome

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22
Q

how to protect hemiplegic shoulder:

A

Never PULL on the hemi shoulder (to change position, transfer, stand-up)
Do not hold on to the hemiplegic arm to the support the person in sitting, standing &/or walking.
Avoid re-positioning in the w/c by putting your arms under their arms
Do not force painful ROM
Do not raise the arm in flexion or ABduction past 90 degrees without the scapula gliding
Do not raise the arm in flexion or Abduction without some external rotation of the humerus.

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23
Q

bed positioning to prevent shoulder pain and shoulder hand syndrome

A

position on hemiplegic side
check to make sure scapula is in full protraction (should be lying on scapula, NOT glenohumeral joint)
in supine, have affected arm at side on body, palm up (ext rot. of humerus)

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24
Q

how to reduce edema to prevent shoulder pain and shoulder hand syndrome

A

ice slush
retrograde massage
Active ROM

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25
Q

how to encourage movement of involved shoulder to prevent shoulder pain and shoulder hand syndrome

A

make sure scapula is gliding before ROM to shoulder

ROM only to point of discomfort

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26
Q

wrist in slight extension to avoid shoulder pain and shoulder hand syndrome

A

position on a wheel chair lap tray

possible use of splint

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27
Q

Maintain ROM of MCP/PIP/DIP joints to avoid shoulder pain and shoulder hand syndrome by…

A

gentle PROM; AROM

facilitation of a gross grasp

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28
Q

principles of CVA treatment

A

Make sure client is comfortable
If seated- feet flat on the floor
Respect pain at all times- never take PROM or AROM into a painful range
Work proximal to distal (Example: do not attempt to open a tight hand with out mobilizing proximally first)
Monitor for fatigue and frustration
Client centered focus is important
On-going education of client and family

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29
Q

3 ways to incorporate a non functional arm

A
  1. as a weight bearing stabilizer
  2. guided movement by assistant
  3. bilaterally (use both hands to do a task)
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30
Q

treatment activities for gross grasp

A

Sweeping
Holding bowl against body while mixing
Hold a phone receiver while dialing
Hold dishes while washing them

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31
Q

treatment activities for fine grasp

A 
Tying knots (progress from thicker to finer yarn)
Opening containers (larger to smaller)
Bundling pairs of socks
Folding paper and stuffing envelopes
Picking up coins
typing
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32
Q

functional mobility includes

A

Rolling
Sit to stand
Standing and walking

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33
Q

functional mobility: rolling

A

On narrow surfaces (such as sofa)
Under a quilt
Propping to adjust pillows
Rolling in a dark room

34
Q

functional mobility: sit to stand

A

Different chairs
Practice moving from one seat to another : high to low
Practice different speeds of movement: getting up and down quickly

35
Q

functional mobility: stand and walking

A 
Different textures of flooring
Vary speed of movement
Incorporate changes in lighting
Practice holding/carrying objects while walking
Practice skills while standin
practice fast reactions.
36
Q

define vision

A

photons reflect off objects and are absorbed by eyes

37
Q

define hearing

A

objects cause vibrations in air, which travel and are absorbed by ears

38
Q

define touch

A

stimulates receptors in skin

39
Q

define taste

A

molecules in substances interact with taste receptors in our tongue

40
Q

define smell

A

substances in world give off molecules which float through air and interact with receptors in the nose

41
Q

define temperature

A

Infra-red radiation (heat) picked up by receptors in our skin

42
Q

define position sense

A

The position of our bodies in space (proprioception), our body movements through space (kinesthesia), balance, equilibrium and righting reactions are sensed through receptors in our joints and muscles and inner-ear

43
Q

define perception

A

“Perception is the task of determining what is out there in the world from sensory input.”

Perception allows us to connect with the world

44
Q

examples of perception:

A 
Body Awareness
Directionality
Figure-Ground Perception
Form Constancy
Kinesthesia
Motor Planning: 
Proprioception
Stereognosis
45
Q

define gnosia

A

is the faculty of perceiving and recognizing.

46
Q

define agnosia

A

Unable to identify an object by looking at it.

47
Q

define Prosopagnosia

A

is the inability to recognise familiar faces (usually figures it out when the person speaks)

48
Q

define stereognosis

A

allows us to “see” with our hands.

49
Q

define body scheme

A

awareness of body parts in relation to each other. Includes

50
Q

define asomatognosia

A

severe loss of body scheme. Usually evaluated by having client point to different body parts on command or by imitation.

51
Q

define praxia

A

the ability to plan and perform movement.

52
Q

define apraxia

A

is the inability to perform purposeful movement despite normal motor power, and coordination

53
Q

define proprioception

A

is the sense that tells us where we are in space called the “sixth” sense

54
Q

damage to the optic tract causes…

A

visual loss

55
Q

what is macular sparing

A

macral picture

56
Q

signs of homonymous hemianopsia

A

think of abigail

57
Q

define Unilateral Neglect or Hemi-neglect

A

is an unawareness of the left side of space, or the left side of the body. May have no insight into the disability

58
Q

define neglect

A

is the lack of awareness of visual space (usually to the left) PLUS inattention to that side of the body and the environment.

59
Q

what causes neglect?

A

The lesion in the brain causing neglect usually occurs in the right frontal-parietal lobe, resulting in a left side neglect.

60
Q

C1-3

A

neck muscles

Breathing: Depends on a ventilator for breathing.

61
Q

c3-c4

A

diaphragm, trapezius
ability to shrug shoulders
Breathing: May initially require a ventilator for breathing, usually adjust to breathing full-time without ventilator assistance.

62
Q

c5

A 
deltoid, biceps
Ability: 
good head, neck and shoulder control(deltoids). 
Can bend elbows (biceps)
short distances manual chair
63
Q

c6

A 
wrist extensors
Ability: Can shrug shoulders, 
bend elbows, pronate/supinate,
and extend wrists
can use manual
64
Q

`c7

A

triceps, extensor digitorum
Ability: ability to straighten elbows (triceps).
Mobility: Daily use of manual wheelchair. Can transfer with greater ease

65
Q

c8

A

Flexor digitorum
Ability: use of hands.
Good to normal UE function.
Daily tasks: Can live independently without assistive devices in feeding, bathing, grooming, oral and facial hygiene, dressing, bladder management and bowel management.

66
Q

t1

A

hand intrinsics

limited walking with leg braces

67
Q

t2-t12

A

intercostals

68
Q

t7-l1

A

abdominal

69
Q

define quadriplegic

A

spinal cord injury above the first thoracic vertebra

70
Q

define paraplegic

A

the level of injury occurs below the first thoracic vertebra.

71
Q

define orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden drop in blood pressure caused by moving from a lying to sitting or standing

72
Q

define autonomic dysreflexia

A

An abrupt onset of excessively high blood pressure; most common in injury levels above T-5

73
Q

temperature regulation with SCI

A

Most people with complete spinal cord injuries do not sweat below the level of the injury

74
Q

acute phase of SCI

A

medical stabilization, positioning, ROM etc. (may last days to weeks)

75
Q

Early rehab phase of SCI

A

out of bed activities, strengthening, ADLs, bed mobility, sitting tolerance, use of assistive devices, determine equipment needs etc.

76
Q

Active rehab phase of SCI

A

more independence in transfers, mobility, ADLs, community outings.

77
Q

Preparation for discharge phase of SCI

A

preparing for a smooth discharge to home or residence. Home modifications, driving evaluation etc.

78
Q

Outpatient Follow-up phase of SCI

A

community re-integration and outpatient services.

79
Q

tenodesis grasp used by

A

C6 and C7 quadriplegia

80
Q

define occupation

A

in occupational therapy refers to everything that you do in life – at home, at work, at school and in your community. (self care, productivity and leisure

OTA 2 (2 decks)

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