midterm study

Question 1

3. Supplemental, customer, and aspirational are all examples of:

Answer 1

types of personas.

Question 2

Alignment, hierarchy, and shapes are all examples of:

Answer 2

(e) Principles of Design.

Question 3

How are the principles of design and Gestalt principles different?

Answer 3

Principles of design help us organize or arrange structural elements of our designs, whereas Gestalt principles
help us understand how our brain organizes and interprets visual information.

Question 4

Which of the following allows you to easily find the newest romance novel you’ve been dying to read when you
enter a bookstore?

Answer 4

Information architecture.

Question 5

5. Which use case would you likely use if you were developing a system for NASA?

Answer 5

Full dressed

Question 6

After a card-sorting event, you identify that the primary and secondary personas group cards under the heading of
“Mental Wellness” in the same way, but the secondary persona also includes an extra card that the primary persona
has classified under “Exercise”. Which of the following design options would be best?

(a) The designer could place the Mental Wellness and Exercise groups next to each other on the screen, positioning
the extra card closest to the Mental Wellness group (using the Gestalt principles of proximity and common
region).
(b) The designer could choose to group the common cards and the extra card under Mental Wellness so that
both the primary and secondary personas are happy.
(c) To reduce cognitive load, the designer could put the extra card under both headings, thereby satisfying both
mental models.
(d) To satisfy both primary and secondary personas, the designer could provide an option for the user to identify
where they want to put the extra card (somewhere in the system settings).
(e) The designer could group the common cards under Mental Wellness, and discard the extra card as it doesn’t
fit both mental models.

Answer 6

The designer could place the Mental Wellness and Exercise groups next to each other on the screen, positioning
the extra card closest to the Mental Wellness group (using the Gestalt principles of proximity and common
region).

Question 7

8. The Gestalt principle of Pragnanz refers to what?

Answer 7

How our brain interprets information in a manner that favours the simple over the complex.

Question 8

Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Assuming your primary persona suffered
from Macular Degeneration, which of the following statements is most correct?

(a) You would be forced to consider the use of the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act to design a
system that was inclusive regardless of abilities.
(b) You might consider the use of colours and appropriate contrasts to ensure, for example, that you primarily
used dark text on a light or white-coloured background to improve readability for your primary persona.
(c) Since modern devices (mobile devices, phones, smart watches, smart televisions, and computers) come with
a wide variety of accessibility options, there would be no need to consider changing the design of the system
to accommodate Macular Degeneration.
(d) Blindness caused by Macular Degeneration (or any other disease) would render the Gestalt Principles useless.
As such, the designers would have to adopt tactile or audio design principles specific to touch or hearing.
(e) This is a trick question. The description of a primary persona would not include information on a disease
such as Macular Degeneration or blindness.

Answer 8

You might consider the use of colours and appropriate contrasts to ensure, for example, that you primarily
used dark text on a light or white-coloured background to improve readability for your primary persona. (stupid ass question, you’re not forced to consider AODO mf yes you are)

Question 9

Unmoderated remote, remote moderated, and eye-tracking are all examples of what?

Answer 9

Usability testing methods.

Question 10

Which of the following is used to determine a mental model for your users?

Answer 10

Card Sorting

Question 11

What are task-focused, user-centred, universal, and inclusive design?

Answer 11

Examples of design approaches.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about hybrid card sorting?

(a) Hybrid card sorting occurs when data from two card-sorting events (one open, and one closed) are brought
together to improve the mental model of one or more of our user types.
(b) Hybrid card sorting is typically avoided because the predefined labels/classes might bias the thinking of the
user - ultimately a↵ecting the mental model.
(c) This is a trick question. Hybrid card sorting does not exist.
(d) Hybrid card sorting occurs when multiple users can choose to participate in a card-sorting event either online
or in person.
(e) Hybrid card sorting is typically used to help identify user bias.

Answer 12

B)

Hybrid card sorting is typically avoided because the predefined labels/classes might bias the thinking of the
user - ultimately a↵ecting the mental model.

Question 13

Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods can help you to:

Answer 13

avoid or mitigate biases.

Question 14

Visual design elements include what?
A) Typography, icons, buttons, and spacing.
B)Visual design elements include language, visibility, accessibility, and legibility.
C)Visual design elements are another name for Gestalt principles.

Answer 14

A) Type, icons, buttons and spacing

Question 15

What is the point of the Fun Theory?

Answer 15

To encourage behaviour change through redesign.

Question 16

The element of User-Centered Design known as accessibility refers to what?

Answer 16

Designing such that things are easy to find.

Question 17

The element of user-centred design known as language focuses on avoiding jargon, “academic speak”, and too much
text. This is related to which transferable/foundational/soft skill discussed in class?

Answer 17

(d) oral communication.

Question 18

The terms “widows” and “orphans” were discussed with which of the following?

(a) The element of user-centred design known as language.
(b) The Gestalt principle known as language.
(c) The principle of design known as hierarchy.
(d) The element of user-centred design known as legibility.
(e) This is a trick question, as neither of these terms were mentioned in User Interface Design.

Answer 18

D) Legibility

Question 19

The execution stage of task-focused design consists of:

Answer 19

identify your goal, set your intention, specify an action, execute an action.

Question 20

Which of the following demonstrates the Gestalt principle of “common region”?

Answer 20

The area below a post on most social media that provides a user with options to like, reply to or share the
post.

Question 21

Improving dryer effciency by understanding how the washing machine works is known as:

Answer 21

Systems Design.

Question 22

Providing users with iconography that they recognize and don’t have to learn is known as:

(a) Recall Recognition Design.
(b) Icon Recognition Design.
(c) Recall Design.
(d) Recognition Over Recall.
(e) Recognition Design.

Answer 22

Recognition over Recall

Question 23

Which of the following is a “quality component” of usability, as described by Nielsen?

(a) How long it takes a user to learn all the ways to carry out a basic task with a system.
(b) How often a user makes an error, and how long they take to recover from the error.
(c) How many methods a user knows to complete a complicated task in a system, how complex each of those
methods are, and how easily they can adapt given context.
(d) How many errors a user makes, how severe those errors are, and how easily the user can recover from those
errors.
(e) This is a trick question. Usability is a research methodology used to understand how useful something is to
the user.

Answer 23

(d) How many errors a user makes, how severe those errors are, and how easily the user can recover from those
errors.

Question 24

What is a chunk?

Answer 24

(c) A chunk is an organizational unit of memory.