Midterm- Semester Closing Exams (Musculoskeletal System and more) Flashcards
epithelial tissue
covers and protects body structures and lines organs, vessels, and cavities
connective tissue
supports and binds body structures. contains fibers and non-living material between the cells
muscle tissue
contracts to produce movement
nervous tissue
makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. coordinates and controls body responses by electrical impulses
homeostasis
maintenance of body’s internal equilibrium
binding
a number of things that have been tied together
tensile
resistant to stress, especially being stretched
anastomosing
to join directly or indirectly
debris
waste, by-product
delicate
small, weak, fragile
resilient
tough, lasting
lobule
a small roundish project, division of an organ
sheath
an enveloping tubular structure such as the tissue that encloses a muscle or nerve fibre
septa
thin partitions or membranes dividing cavities, soft masses of tissue in organisms
firm
not moving
hypoglycemia
little to no glucose in the blood
what is blood flow measured in?
L/Min
what does leukocyte mean?
white blood cell
Suffix meaning excess of something
-osis
What do palmar and plantar mean?
Palm of the hand, and sole of the foot
What is an endoscopy?
procedure where an endoscope (flexible tube with a camera attached) is inserted into a natural orifice for examination
What is a radiography?
examination involved with exposing part of the body to a small dose of radiation to produce an image of the internal organs
What is a CT?
CAT Scan, x-rays. Computerized tomography
What is an MRI?
test using a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures or organs and internal body structures
What is an ultrasound?
examination using high-frequency sound waves to view organs and structures inside the body
What is an electrocardioGRAM?
Tracing or drawing produced by an electrocardiograph
What is a plane
an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into sections
What is an orbit?
the bony cavities of the eye
What is an incision?
surgical cuts
What is a shaft?
the long or straight part of something
Define orifice
Openings
What is a blockage
An obstruction
Excision
to cut out surgically
Clot
accumulation of blood, blocks/coagulated mass of blood
Malignant
Tending to produce death
Interventional procedure
interfering with the outcome or course of a condition/ process to prevent harm or improve functioning
Oncology
the study of tumors
Non-invasive
not involving entry into the human body
Obese
having excessive amounts of body fat
Ischemia
Deficient supply of blood to an area that is due to obstruction of an artery
Hypertrophy
Excessive growth of an organ
Aetiology
the cause of a disease
Pathogenesis
sequence of events in disease development
Predisposing factors
pre-existing pathological/physiological states that put you at increased risk of developing a disease
symptoms
abnormalities or subjective complaints by the patient
Physical signs
abnormalities found upon clinical examination
Diagnosis
opinion based on evidence of a disease
Prognosis
prediction of the likely outcome of any disease
Morbidity
reflects ill-health, incapacity or sickness associated with non-fatal disease
Mortality
related deaths from disease
Lesions
pathological structural abnormalities
Acute
disease that is expected to run it’s course over a short period of time
Chronic
disease may take long periods of time to run it’s course
Systemic
disease involving many systems in the body
Remission
symptoms and signs of disease disappear, patient is feeling better
Relapse
Return of tissue injury or disease; symptoms reappear
Exacerbation
a worsening
Head
Cranium
Face on skull
Facial bones
Jaw
Mandible
Collar bone
Clavicle
Shoulder blade
Scapula
Breast bone
Sternum
upper bone of the arm
Humerus
Lower inner bone of the arm
ulna
Lower outer bone of the arm
Radius
Bones that make up the wrist, hand, fingers
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Bones that make up the ankle, foot and toes
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Bone of the thigh
Femur
Bones that make up the calf
(bigger) tibia (smaller) fibula
Bone of the heel of foot
calcaneus
Combining form of cranium
Cranio-
Combining form of vertebral
Vertebro-
Combining form of sternum
sterno-
Combining form of ribs
costo-
Combining form of illium
ilio-
Combining form of ischium
ischio-
Combining form of femur
femoro-
Combining form of patella
patello-
bone of knee
patella
Combining form of tibia
tibio-
Combining form of fibula
fibulo-
Combining form of tarsals
tarso-
Combining form of phalange
phalango-
Combining form of clavicle
claviculo-
Combining form of scapula
Scapulo-
Combining form of humerus
humero-
Combining form of ulna
ulno-
Combining form of radius
radio-
Combining form of carpal
carpo-
Foramen
Hole through bone where blood vessels and nerves pass
Fossa
A hollow place ,pit, cavity or depression
Meatus
Tube shaped opening
Sulcus
groove, trench, furrow, or depression
Process
projection large enough to be grasped with fingers
Condyle
rounded, knuckle-like projection
Crest
A ridge
Protuberance
swelling-like area on a bone, can be felt
Ramus
Small projection off a larger structure (branch-like)
Girdle
belt
-itis
Inflammation
-plasty
repair
-ectomy
removal, excision
-algia, -dynia
pain
-tomy
incision, to make a cut
-malacia
softening
Word for “repair of the cranium”
Cranioplasty
Word for “removal of a part of the cranium”
crani-ectomy
Word for “inflammation of the vertebrae”
Spondylitis
Word for “pain in the vertebrae”
Spondylalgia
Word for “incision in a rib”
Costotomy
The hip is made up of
the ilium, pubis, ischium
The thigh is made up of
the femur and patella
The leg/calf is made up of
the patella, tibia, and fibula
The foot is made up of
tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
The shoulder is made up of
the clavicle, scapula (together called the shoulder girdle)
The upper arm is made up of
the humerus
Forearm is made up of
the radius and ulna
The hand is made up of
the carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
The carpals make up the _______
wrist
The metacarpals make up the ______/__________
palm/ dorsum
The phalanges make up the _______ (hand)
fingers
Meaning of diarthrodial/synovial
freely moveable
Meaning of amphiarthrodial
slightly moveable
Meaning of synarthrodial
not movable
Define bursa
Fluid-filled fibrous sac, acts as a cushion to help movement and avoid friction
What is an orthopedist?
physician who treats injuries to the skeletal system or associated muscles, tendons and ligaments
What is a rheumatologist?
physician who treats/diagnoses rheumatic diseases (joints, tendons, muscles, bones, nerves)
What is a podiatrist?
Physician who treats/diagnoses disorders of the foot, ankle and lower extremity
What is a chiropractor?
physician focused on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders with an emphasis on treatment through manual manipulation
