Midterm S2, 1st Flashcards
Paramyxoviruses are bad immunogens
F
Paramyxoviruses can survive just a few days in the environment
T
Paramyxoviruses cannot cause strong cytopathogenic effect in cell cultures
F
Paramyxoviruses are good immunogens
T
Parainfluenza viruses generally cause infection in the respiratory tract
T
Parainfluenza viruses are highly host specific
F
There are no vaccines on the market against canine parainfluenza 2 virus.
F
Canine parainfluenza virus 2 frequently causes encephalitis in old dogs
F
Feline morbillivirus infection may be associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis in cats
T
Parainfluenza virus 2 infection is frequent in the aetiology of kennel cough.
F
Rinderpest virus can infect pigs
T
Rinderpest virus can infect cattle
T
The morbidity of rinderpest can reach 100%
T
Rinderpest virus replicated only in the lungs
F
Rinderpest virus is resistant; it can survive in the environment for several weeks
F
Rinderpest virus causes viraemi
T
Extended interstitial pneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of rinderpest
F?
Vesicle formation on the mucous membranes is typical in the case of rinderpest
F
Diarrhoea with blood is a typical sign of rinderpest
T
Enteral clinical signs are not typical in Rinderpest
F
Attenuated viruses are widely used for the prevention of Rinderpest in Africa
F
The clinical signs of rinderpest and malignant catarrhal fever are similar
T
Erosions in the oral and nasal cavity are clinical signs of rinderpest
T
Rinderpest occurs in large number in Africa
F
Earth is free from Rinderpest
T
Wild mammals are asymptomatic carriers of Rinderpest
F
It is mandatory to vaccinate cattle against Rinderpest
F
Nowadays Rinderpest virus is used as heterologous vaccine against the PPR virus
F
Rinderpest virus survives for years in nature
F
Only cattle are susceptible to Rinderpest infections
F
Rinderpest is carried by animals for a long time
F
Rinderpest commonly occurs in Africa and in Latin America
F
Rinderpest virus is carried by animals for several years.
F
Cattle are infected with rinderpest virus mainly per os
T
Cattle are affected with rinderpest mainly per os
T
Rinderpest virus can survive in the environment for several months
F
Peste des pest ruminants virus is resistant, it can survive in the environment for several
months
F
Attenuated vaccines can be used for the prevention of peste des petit ruminants
T
Peste des petits ruminants is a widespread disease in Europe
F
Generally direct contact is needed to the transmission of peste des petits ruminants virus
T
Peste des petits ruminants virus replicates in the epithelium of the mucous membranes
T
Peste des petit ruminants is a frequently diagnosed disease in America
F
Necrosis of the oral epithelium is a typical sign of peste des petits ruminants
T
Peste de petits ruminants is a zoonotic disease
F
Nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of peste des petit ruminants
T
Erosive lesions in the oral cavity are frequent signs of Peste des petits ruminants
T
The Peste des petits ruminants are endemic in North- and South America.
F
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
T
Peste des petites ruminants virus can cause haemorrhagic or necrotic enteritis
T
Over 50% of the animals may die during a Peste des petits ruminants outbreak
T
The world is free of Peste des petites ruminants
F
Canine distemper virus can produce a generalised infection
T
The pathogenesis of distemper is influenced by the immune response of the host
T
Distemper can be prevented only with the attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
Distemper is zoonosis
F
Distemper virus is shed in respiratory discharge and urine
T
Canine distemper has six serotypes
F
Neurological signs are not typical signs of canine distemper
F
Clinical signs of the nervous system generally do not appear always in the case of canine
distemper
F
Canine distemper virus has one serotype with virulence variants
T
Salivation and chewing movements cannot be clinical signs of canine distemper
F
Distemper is a highly contagious disease of dogs and some other carnivores
T
Distemper can be prevented only with attenuated but not inactivated vaccines
F
Canine distemper virus causes immunosuppression
T
The dog is the only species which is susceptible to canine distemper virus
F
Three to six month old dogs are most susceptible to canine distemper virus
T
Enamel hypoplasia can be a sign of distemper
T
Hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads are clinical signs of canine distemper
T
Ataxia and paralysis are the main clinical signs of distemper in cats
F
Distemper virus infects only dogs
F
Distemper can cause abortion
T
Dogs infected with Canine distemper virus usually become life-long carriers and shedders
F
Clinical manifestation of the Canine distemper is mainly seen in 3-4 months-old dogs.
T
The outcome of Canine distemper virus infection is very much influenced by the immune
response of the dog in utero
T
Distemper virus infects only species belonging to Canidae
F
Distemper virus spreads mainly by droplet infection
T
Distemper virus can cause fetopathy
T
Distemper virus can infect species belonging to the Felidae
T
Distemper virus spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
Distemper is a notifiable disease
F
The dominant clinical sign of Canine distemper is diarrhoea.
F
Canine distemper virus only infects Canidae
F
Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins
T
Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs
T
Surviving distemper does not result in protection
F
Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections
T
Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age
F
Distemper causes de-myelinization
T
Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique
T
Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder
epithelial cells
T
Hendra and Nipah viruses cause zoonotic disease
T
Hendra virus can infect mainly swine and human
F
Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological sign
T
Horse is susceptible to Hendra virus infection
T
Hendra virus can cause enteritis in the small intestine
F
Natural reservoir of Hendra virus is flying fox (bat)
T
Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans
T
Hendra virus is found only in Australia
T
Diseases caused by Nipah virus occur worldwide.
F
Nipah virus can cause ataxia, spasms, and paralysis in pig
T
Natural reservoir of Nipah virus is fruit bats
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses
F
Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors
F
Bovine RS virus can cause severe pneumonia in 6 months to 2 years old calve
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates in the alveolar epithelium
T
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes viraemia
F
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can predispose to secondary bacterial infections
T
Subcutaneous emphysema is a common clinical sign of the disease caused by bovine
respiratory syncytial virus
T
Disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus cannot be prevented with vaccination
F
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is spreading fast within a herd
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause life threatening disease in calves
T
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes low morbidity and high mortality
F
Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines
for prevention
T
Bovine parainfluenza virus causes central nervous clinical signs in calves
F
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can result formation of hyalin membrane in the alveoli
T
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza-3 virus is very rare
F
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can cause interstitial pneumonia in calves
T
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus infection is usually endemic in cattle farms
T
Bovine parainfuenza-3 virus generally causes aerosol infection
T
Fever, coughing, nasal discharge are common clinical signs of bovine PI-3 infection
T
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza 3 virus can be diagnosed using paired sera
T
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms
T
Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
F
Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection
T
Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
F
Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial
infection
T
Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves
T
A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation
T
Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria
T
The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhoea
F
Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations
T
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute form of the disease
T
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute septicemia
F
Live mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccinations in Europe
T
Day-old chicken can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent ND
T
Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogenic/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity
T
Mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccination in some countries
T
Apathogenic trains of NDV are used for vaccination
F
Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality
T
ND is caused by virulent strains of the APMV-1 serogroup
T
Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle disease
F
It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing
T
A usual 1st symptom of neurotropic-vNDV infection is diarrhea
F
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in ducks
F
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in dogs
F
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1
T
An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of ND
T
The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice is a significant factor in its virulence
T
Newcastle Disease ND viruses cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs
F
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Newcastle disease
F
Only faeces of the infected birds contains Newcastle disease virus
F
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of Newcastle disease
T
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the chicken embryo survival
index
T
Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus 1
T
Newcastle disease virus can infect only chicken
F
Worldwide distribution is common for Newcastle disease virus
T
Inhalation is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
Per os infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
T
Eurasia is free from Newcastle disease
F
Humans are resistant against Newcastle disease virus
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
Lentogenic NDV may cause disease in young turkey
T
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks
F
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than velogenic
F
Newcastle disease virus causes viraemia
T
Newcastle disease virus damages blood vessels
T
The clinical signs of Newcastle disease and avian influenza are similar
T
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the intracerebral
pathogenicity index
T
There are different virulence variants of Newcastle disease virus
T
Only inactivated vaccines may be used for the prevention of Newcastle disease
F
Velogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than mesogenic
T
Tremor, spasms and torcicollis are clinical signs of Newcastle disease
T
Newcastle disease, splice site significant
T?
Index higher than 0,7 is a criterion of Newcastle disease
T
Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over world
T
The vaccine for NDV is a lentogenic strain
T
Lentogenic stain is used in vaccines for new castles disease
T
Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus
T
The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of
certain genes.
?
Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment
F
Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks
F
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality
F
Velogenic viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
F
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong into 9 serogroups
T
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs
F
Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus
F
Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease
F
Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons
T
Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os
T
CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease
T
Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza
F
Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be
reached
F
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian metapneumovirus infection
T
Avian metapneumovirus infection occurs only in America
F
Avian metapneumovirus infection spreads very fast within the flock
T
Disease caused by avian metapneumovirus is more severe in turkeys than hens
T
In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases
T
Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus
T
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses
T
Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems
T
Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens
T
Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age
T
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses
T
Rhabdoviruses are resistant viruses they can remain infective in the environment for several
weeks
F
Rhabdoviruses are generally good antigens
T
Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months
F
The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus has a narrow host range
F
Vesicular stomatitis is a frequent disease in Africa
F
Vesicular stomatitis is a widespread disease all over the world
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause clinical signs in horses
T
Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic disease
T
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
T
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is low
T
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high
F
Vesicular stomatitis causes large number of vesicles in humans
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and direct contact
T
The clinical signs of foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis cannot be differentiated
in horses
F
Vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted only by arthropods
F
Vesicular Stomatitis virus can be transmitted by arthropods
T
Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, horses, pigs, and humans
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause viraemia only local lesions
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world.
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects
F
After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity
F
Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized
T
Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot
T
Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis
F
Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover
T
Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America
T
The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same
F
Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus
T
In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus.
F
Salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
T
Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines
F
The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc
F
The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can be transmitted by direct contact or arthropods
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats.
T
The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide
T
Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine
F
Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans
T
Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks
T
There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis
F
Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans
F
Ephemeral fever virus is transmitted by arthropods
T
Direct contact is the main way of transmission of ephemeral fever virus
F
Ephemeral fever is a frequent disease all over the world
F
Ephemeral fever is a zoonotic disease
F
Ephemeral fever virus is shed in large amount in the saliva
F
Ephemeral fever occurs only in America
F
The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever
T
Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever
T
Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries
T
Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus
F
The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle
F
Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days
T
Could I please ask you to send it to the nearest post office instead? Cause Express One is clearly not working.
F
There is a high level of cross protection between phylogroups of rabies viruses
F
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact
T
Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen in the case of rabies
T
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus
F
Rabies virus is uniform without serotypes, genotypes etc
F
Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies
T
Puppies have to be vaccinated against rabies at the age of 6 weeks
F
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact
T
Rabies virus can infect humans; however, humans are not very susceptible
T
Bat lyssaviruses cannot infect humans
F
Bats infected with European bat lyssaviruses frequently attack animals
F
Rabies is a notifiable disease
T
Increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies
T
Sylvatic rabies is maintained by wild living animals
T
Foxes maintain sylvatic rabies in Europe
T
Racoon is one of the species that maintains sylvatic rabies in America
T
In order to prevent sylvatic rabies, foxes are vaccinated per os with live vaccine in bait
T
Changed behaviour and paralysis are clinical signs of rabies
T
The incubation time of rabies is generally 24-72 hours; however, exceptions can occur
F
The incubation time of rabies is generally 2-8 weeks; however, exceptions can occur
T
Rabies virus can only be transmitted with bite
F
The host range of rabies is very narrow, mainly dogs and foxes are susceptible
F
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus
F
Dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans
T
Herbivorous animals bitten by foxes can be emergency slaughtered
T
Rabies virus can be detected with immunofluorescence test
T
Rabies virus appears in the saliva 2-3 days after the onset of the clinical signs
F
Lethality of rabies in humans is high
T
The resistance of rabies virus is low; it cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
Rabies can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies in paired sera
F
Antibodies against rabies detected with ELISA confirm the diagnosis of rabies
F
Rabies virus is spreading alone the nerves in the host
T
