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Sim Lecture II > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common treatment options for prostate cancer?

A

observation, prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, external radiation

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2
Q

which zone of the prostate is more prone to the development of prostate cancer?

A

peripheral glands

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3
Q

what is the significance of a detectable PSA following radical prostactetomy?

A

the PSA should become and remain undetectable. A detectable PSA following radical prostatectomy indicates that presence of cancerous prostate cells.

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4
Q

what does the term conformal mean?

A

conformal refers to 3d conformal radiation therapy. in which the field shape and beam angle change while the gantry moves around the patient

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5
Q

what is the first group of lymph nodes involved in prostate cancer

A

periprostatic and obturator lymph nodes

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6
Q

what is the most common metastatic site of prostate cancer?

A

bone

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7
Q

prostate brachytherapy involves what type of placement of seeds

A

interstitial brachytherapy

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8
Q

what is/ are the most common types of seeds used in prostate (permanent) brachytherapy?

A

Iodine-125
palladium-103
Gold - 198

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9
Q

metastatic prostate cancer is usually treated with hormone therapy and what 2 radioisotopes?

A

strontium-89

sarmarium-153

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10
Q

does lymph node involvement with prostate cancer decrease long term survival?

A

yes

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11
Q

the most common pathology for prostate cancer is what?

A

adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

in relation to the rectum where is the prostate gland located?

A

the prostate gland is anterior to the rectum

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13
Q

GTV

A

palpable or visible extent of tumor

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14
Q

CTV

A

GTV plus margin for subclinical disease extension

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15
Q

PTV

A

CTV plus margin for treatment reproducibility

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16
Q

treatment volume

A

volume enclosed by appropriate isodose in achieving the treatment purpose

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17
Q

metastatic sites for rectal cancer

A

liver and lungs

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18
Q

low anterior resection (LAR)

A

the LAR involves the removal of the tumor plus a margin (an en bloc excision) as well as and the immediately adjacent lymph nodes.

the bowel is the re-anastomosed. therefore, a colostomy is not necessary.

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19
Q

abdominoperineal resection (APR)

A

an APR is used in patients with rectal cancer in the lower third of the rectum. an anterior incision is made into the abdominal wall to construct a colostomy. then a perineal incision is made to resect the rectum, anus, and draining lymphatics, with the entire en bloc specimen pulled out thru the perineal opening. the final phase of the procedure involves the reconstruction of repritonealization of the pelvic floor through the use of an absorbable mesh, momentum, or peritoneum. this is the extremely important for the patient who needs post op rad therapy. reperitonealization allows the small bowel to be displaced superiorly, reducing the amount of small bowel in the tx field and minimizing the treatment toxicity from radiation therapy

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20
Q

what is the most common histology for rectal cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

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21
Q

what is the surface anatomy of L3/L4?

A

umbilicus

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22
Q

what is the most common neoplasm in men in the US?

A

prostate cancer

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23
Q

in the us what is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths?

A

colorectal

24
Q

which section of the large bowel is more commonly affected?

A

rectal or distal colon

25
Q

how does rectal cancer spread?

A

direct extension, lymphatic drainage, blood and trans peritoneal implantation

26
Q

what’s the first group of lymph nodes involved in prostate cancer?

A

periprostatic lymph nodes

27
Q

half life: Cesium-137

A

30 years

28
Q

half life: Iodine-125

A

59.4 years

29
Q

half life: palladium-103

A

17 days

30
Q

half life: radium-226

A

1622 years

31
Q

half life: cobalt-60

A

5.27 years

32
Q

half life: Iridium-193

A

73.83 days

33
Q

half life: gold-198

A

2.7 days

34
Q

half life: srontium-89

A

50.5 days

35
Q

half life: sarmarium-153

A

46.3 hours (1.93 days)

36
Q

T/F most TBI do not include skin sparring because the longer distance needed to treat the patient

A

true

37
Q

what is or are used to control early stages of mycoses fungoides?

A

TSET

38
Q

BAT- b mode acquisition technology?

A

ultrasound used with prostate

39
Q

TD 5/5: small bowel

A

4,000 cGy

40
Q

TD 5/5: colon

A

4,500 cGy

41
Q

TD 5/5: large bowel

A

2,500 cGy

42
Q

TD 5/5: femoral heads

A

5,200 cGy

43
Q

TD 5/5: rectum

A

6,000 cGy

44
Q

TD 5/5: bladder

A

6,500 cGy

45
Q

TD 5/5: prostate

A

7,000 cGy

46
Q

TD 5/5: vagina

A

9,000 cGy

47
Q

T/F most TBI do not include skin sparring because the longer distance needed to treat the patient

A

true

48
Q

what is the largest field size available on a linac?

A

40x40

49
Q

what type of skin condition is treated with total skin electron treatment?

A

mycoices fungoides

50
Q

in total body irradiation what dictates the choice of energy?

A

thickness of the patient

51
Q

this disease of the lymphocytes can resemble eczema or other inflammatory conditions and tends to remain localized to the skin for long periods?

A

mycoses fungoides

52
Q

what’s the most inferior portion of the GI tract?

A

anus

53
Q

TBI patients are typically irradiated at a distance of how many CM?

A

400 cm

54
Q

what is the better choice for dose uniformity for longitudinal body access?

A

AP/PA

55
Q

put in the correct order:

TBI, bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy

A

chemotherapy
TBI
bone marrow transplant

Sim Lecture II (5 decks)

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