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PTA Neurological Rehab > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

receive information and transfer it to the cell body

A

Dendrites

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2
Q

he message sending component of the nerve cell.

A

Axons

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3
Q

is the space between axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron

A

Synapse

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4
Q

What does the synapse allow

A

allows for communication between different parts of the NS.

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5
Q

are chemicals that transmit information across the synapse

A

Neurotransmitters

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6
Q

medications for CNS pathologies act by…?

A

facilitating or inhibiting neurotransmitter activity

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7
Q

s a lipid/protein that encases and insulates the axon, increasing speed of impulse conduction.

A

Myelin

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8
Q

Larger nerves c milenation have…

A

fastest transmission

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9
Q

composed of axons that carry information away from cell bodies, found in the brain and spinal cord posterior Horn.

A

White matter

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10
Q

an area that contains a large number of cell bodies and dendrites, covers the entire surface of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex) *anterior horn

A

Grey matter

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11
Q

Information is conveyed by white matter and is processed and integrated by grey matter.

A

Information is conveyed by white matter and is processed and integrated by grey matter.

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12
Q

The brain is made up of..

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

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13
Q

responsible for contralateral voluntary control of extremity and facial movements

A

Cerebrum

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14
Q

primary motor

A

Frontal in Cerebrum

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15
Q

primary sensory

A

Parietal

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16
Q

primary auditory

A

Temporal

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17
Q

primary vision

A

Occipital

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18
Q

coordinator Controls balance and muscular movements,

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

houses reflex centers for visual, auditory, and tactile responses

A

Brain stem Midbrain

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20
Q

functions with the medulla to regulate the breathing rate; contains reflex centers that assist with orientation of the head in response to visual and auditory stimulation

A

Pons

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21
Q

Control centers for heart and respiration rates; reflex centers for vomiting, sneezing, and swallowing

A

Medulla

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22
Q

Two primary functions of the spinal cord

A

Coordination of motor information and movement patterns, and Communication of sensory information

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23
Q

extends vertically throughout the length of the brain stem, maintains and adjusts level of arousal

A

Reticular activating system

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24
Q

Provide feedback to CNS about muscle length

A

Muscle Spindles

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25
Q

Names the 12 Cranial Nerves

A 
Olfactory
Optic-
Oculomotor-
Trochlear- 
Trigeminal- 
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear- 
Glossopharyngeal- 
Vagus- 
Spinal Accessory-  
Hypoglossal- T
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26
Q

Olfactory

A

smell

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27
Q

Optic

A

Vision

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28
Q

Oculomotor

A

pupil constriction and dilation, eye movement.

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29
Q

Trochlear

A

eye movement, looking down and looking toward midline.

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30
Q

Trigeminal

A
  • Muscles for chewing, sense of pain/touch for head/face.
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31
Q

Abducens

A
  • Eye movement away from midline (eye rolling)
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32
Q

.

Facial

A

facial expression muscles, and taste in 2/3rds of the tongue

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33
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A
  • hearing and balance.
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34
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

taste in the back portion of the tongue, swallowing muscles.

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35
Q

Vagus

A

Very important role in the body, controls sensory and motor functions in the heart and glands, as well as, takes part in digestion.

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36
Q

Spinal Accessory

A

Trapezius and SCM to control the head movement.

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37
Q

Hypoglossal

A
  • Tongue movement.
38
Q

UE D1 Flexion

-Start and End

A

Start→ shldr ext/ABD/IR/open hand/forearm pronated/wrist ext/UD
End→ shld flex/ADD/ER/closed hand/forearm supinated/wrist flexed/RD

39
Q

UE D1 Extension

-Start and end

A

Start→ shld flex/ADD/ER/closed hand/forearm supinated/wrist flexed/RD
End→ shldr ext/ABD/IR/open hand/forearm pronated/wrist ext/UD

40
Q

UE D2 Flexion

-Start and end

A

Start→ hand at opposite hip/shldr ext/ADD/IR/hand closed/forearm pronated/wrist flexed/UD
End→ Shldr flexed/ABD/ER/hand open/forearm supinated/wrist ext/RD

41
Q

UE D2 Extension

-Start and end

A

Start→ Shldr flexed/ABD/ER/hand open/forearm supinated/wrist ext/RD
End→ hand at opposite hip/shldr ext/ADD/IR/hand closed/forearm pronated/wrist flexed/UD

42
Q

LE D1 Flexion

-Start and end

A

tart→ leg ext/heel in line w/shldr/ankle plantarflexed/everted
End→ hip flex/ADD/ER/Knee flex/ankle dorsiflexed/inverted

43
Q

LE D1 Extension

-Start and End

A

Start→ hip flex/ADD/ER/Knee flex/ankle dorsiflexed/inverted

End→ leg ext/heel in line w/shldr/ankle plantarflexed/everted

44
Q

LE D2 Flexion

-Start and End

A

Start→ hip ext/knee ext/ER/ADD/ankle plantarflexed/inverted

End→ hip flex/knee flex/IR/ABD/ankle dorsiflexed/everted

45
Q

LE D2 Extension

-Start and End

A

Start→ hip flex/knee flex/IR/ABD/ankle dorsiflexed/everted

End→ hip ext/knee ext/ER/ADD/ankle plantarflexed/inverte

46
Q

Scapular D1 Flexion

A

Elevation + protraction = anterior elevation

47
Q

Scapular D1 Extension

A

Depression + retraction = posterior depression

48
Q

Scapular D2 Flexion

A

Elevation + Retraction = posterior elevation

49
Q

Scapular D2 Extension

A

Depression + Protraction = Anterior depression

50
Q

Pelvic D1 Flexion

A

Elevation + protraction = anterior elevation

51
Q

Pelvic D1 Extension

A

Depression +retraction = posterior depression

52
Q

Pelvic D2 Flexion

A

Elevation + Retraction = posterior elevation

53
Q

Pelvic D2 Extension

A

Depression + Protraction = Anterior depression

54
Q

Difficulty comprehending spoken language and following commands

A

Wernike’s

55
Q

Major afferent tracts

A

Lateral Spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature)

Spinocerebellar (proprioception

56
Q

Lateral Spinothalamic tract

A

pain, temperature

57
Q

Spinocerebellar

A

proprioception

58
Q

Major efferent tract

A

Corticospinal tract; controls skilled movements of the extremities

59
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

controls skilled movements of the extremities

60
Q

Indicator of corticospinal damage-

A

Babinski sign

61
Q

Facilities both intrafusal & extrafusal agonist muscle contraction (over tendon/muscle belly)

A

Tapping/repeat quick stretch

62
Q

Facilitates postural extensors & stabilizing responses; enhances jt awareness

A

Jt Approximation

63
Q

Facilitates jt motion: enhances jt awareness

A

Jt Traction

64
Q
  • impairment of speech due to weakness, paralysis, or in-coordination of speech motor system.
65
Q

interruption in eating function or maintence of nutrition and hydration.

A

Dysphasia-

66
Q

limited vocabulary, slow, hesitant, with intact comprehension.

A

Nonfluent aphasia (Brocas)

67
Q

can not coordinate the muscles used for speech.

68
Q

accquried communication disorder in people whp previously communicated,
Fluent (wernicke’s) impaired auditory comprehension, speech is normal decreased awareness of impairments.

69
Q

Characterized by motor performances that after consideration practice is considered automatic
Movements are largely error free w/ little interference from environmental distractions

A

Autonomous Stage

70
Q

Becomes organized and movement develops into a coordinated pattern
Phase is “how to do the movement , NOT what to do”

A

Associative Stage

71
Q

Develop an overall understanding of the skill “ cognitive map”
Want to facilitate understanding and organize early practice

A

Cognitive stage

72
Q

Feedback…..Proprioceptive, visual, vestibular, and cutaneous signals are types of feedback
Uses the somatosensory system

73
Q

Brunnstrom stage…..Return of fine motor skills

A

VII. Return to fine motor skills

74
Q

Brunnstrom stage..No voluntary movement or reflex activity is present in the involved extremity

A

I. Flaccidity

75
Q

Brunnstrom stage.. Isolated movement and combination of movements are evident. Coordination deficits may be present with rapid activity changes

A

VI. Spasticity is essentially absent

76
Q

Brunnstrom stage..Synergy patterns begin to develop . Some may appear as associated reactions

A

II. Spasticity begins to develop

77
Q

Brunnstrom stage..Movement synergies are less dominant. Complex movement possible

A

V. Spasticity continues to decrease

78
Q

Brunnstrom stage..Movement synergies of the involved ue/le can be performed voluntarily

A

III. Spasticity increases and reaches its peak

79
Q

Ashworth scale….0

A

No increase in muscle tone

80
Q

Ashworth scale….4

A

Affected part rigid in flexion and extension

81
Q

Ashworth scale….2

A

More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part easily moved

82
Q

Ashworth scale….1

A

Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by catch and release at end of ROM

83
Q

Ashworth scale….1+

A

Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by catch followed by minimal resistance throughout the reminder of the ROM

84
Q

Ashworth scale….3

A

Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

85
Q

a group of muscles that work together to provide patterns of movement; initially occur in flexion/extension combos

86
Q

Development of spasticity occurs is patterns

Often develops ……………. first

A

proximally

87
Q

Components of Brunnstrom Synergy Patterns: UE….Flexion or extension
… Scapular retraction and/or elevation, Shoulder ER and ABD to 90, elbow flexion, forearm supination, wrist and finger flexion

88
Q

Components of Brunnstrom Synergy Patterns: UE….Flexion or extension
…….Scapular protraction, shoulder IR and ADD, full elbow extension, forearm pronation, wrist flexion with finger flexion

89
Q

Components of Brunnstrom Synergy Patterns: LE….Flexion or extension
……Hip extension, ADD, and IR, knee extension, ankle PF and INV, toe flexion

90
Q

Components of Brunnstrom Synergy Patterns: LE….Flexion or extension
…..
Hip flexion, ABD and ER, Knee flexions to ~90, ankle DF and INV, toe extension

PTA Neurological Rehab (3 decks)

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