Midterm Review Flashcards
Behavior?
What people do and say.
Dimensions of behavior
Frequency, duration, intensity, and latency
Frequency?
the number of times the behavior occurs
Duration?
The time from when the behavior started to when it stopped.
Intensity?
Physical force involved in a behavior.
Latency?
The speed of the behavior.
When the observer observes the client continuously
continuous recording
Recording the frequency and duration of a behavior in which the exact onset and offset occurs
real-time recording
Indirect assessment method use when a behavior results in a certain tangible outcome
product recording
Measuring whether the behavior occurs or does not occur during specified time periods.
interval recording
Recording the frequency of the target behavior within consecutive intervals of time
frequency-within-interval recording
Dividing the observation period into intervals of time, but observing and recording the behavior during only part of each interval.
time sample recording
Time is indicated on the
x-axis
Level of the behavior is on the
y-axis
6 components to a graph are?
y and x axis, labels, numbers on the axis, data points, phase lines, phase labels
Simplest type of design that does not show a functional relationship
A-B design
Implementing a baseline and treatment phase twice
A-B-A-B reversal design
A baseline and a treatment phase for the same target behavior of two or more subjects
multiple-baseline-across-subjects design
A baseline and treatment phase for two or more behaviors of the same subject
multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design
A baseline and treatment phase for two or more settings in which the same behavior of the same subject is measured
multiple-baseline-across-settings design
Compare baseline and treatment, or two or more, treatments
alternating-treatment design
Multiple performance criteria (goals) in the treatment phase
changing-criterion design
A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement
Operant Behavior
Involves the manipulation of consequences
Operant Conditioning
Behavior elicited by an antecedent stimuli
Respondent Behaviors
Involves the manipulation of antecedent stimuli
Respondent Conditioning
The occurrence of a particular behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of a behavior.
Reinforcement
The consequence that strengthens an operant behavior
Reinforcer
The occurrence of a behavior is followed by the addition of a stimulus which results in the strengthening of the behavior
Positive reinforcement
The occurrence of a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus which results in the strengthening of the behavior
Negative reinforcement
object or an event that can be detected by one of the senses.
Stimuli
An unpleasant stimuli
Aversive stimuli
The time between the behavior and the reinforcing consequence.
Immediacy
When the response produces the consequence and the consequence does not occur unless the the response occurs first.
Contingency
Makes the reinforcer more potent
Establishing Operation
Makes the reinforcer less potent
Abolishing Operation
The other characteristic that is related to its power as a reinforcer
Magnitude
When reinforcement is delivered after every single target behavior
Continuous reinforcement schedule
When reinforcement is delivered after only some target behaviors
Intermittent reinforcement schedule
Where a specific or fixed number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered. Time is not recorded
Fixed Ratio
Where the number of responses that occur varies each time, around an average number.
Variable Ratio
When the reinforcer is delivered only after a fixed amount of time, disregards how many times a behavior occurs.
Fixed interval
The reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time. The response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.
Variable Interval
A behavior that has been previously been reinforced no longer results in the reinforcing consequences and, therefore, the behavior stops occurring in the future.
Extinction
A particular behavior occurs. A consequence immediately follows the behavior. As a result, the behavior is less likely to occur again.
Punishment
An aversive stimulus that makes a behavior less likely to occur.
Punisher
Adding an aversive stimulus after a behavior to make the behavior less likely to occur
Positive punishment
Removal of a reinforcing stimulus after a behavior to make the behavior less likely to occur.
Negative punishment
The antecedent stimulus that is present when a behavior is reinforced
Discriminative stimulus S^D
Any antecedent stimulus that is present when the behavior is not reinforced.
S Delta
