Final Review

Question 1

occurs when one particular behavior is reinforced, and all other behaviors are placed on extinction

Answer 1

Differential reinforcement

Question 2

shaping steps that are closer and closer to the target behavior

Answer 2

Successive approximations

Question 3

What is a Behavioral Chain?

Answer 3

A complex behavior consisting of many component behaviors that occur together in a sequence

Question 4

What is a Task Analysis?

Answer 4

The process of analyzing a behavioral chain by breaking it down into its individual stimulus-response components

Question 5

Involve the behavior of another person that evokes the desired response in the presence of the SD

Answer 5

Response Prompts

Question 6

Involves a change in an antecedent stimulus, or the addition or removal of a stimulus, to make a correct response more likely to occur

Answer 6

Stimulus Prompts

Question 7

Instructions
Modeling
Rehearsal
Feedback

Answer 7

Behavioral Skill Training

Question 8

The process of gathering information about the antecedents and consequences that are functionally related to the occurrence of a problem behavior

Answer 8

Functional Assessment

Question 9

When a positively reinforcing consequence is delivered by another person after the target behavior, and as a result the behavior is more likely to occur

Answer 9

Social Positive Reinforcement

Question 10

When another person terminates an aversive interaction, task, or activity after the occurrence of a target behavior, and as a result, the behavior is more likely to occur

Answer 10

Social Negative Reinforcement

Question 11

When the behavior produces a positively reinforcing consequence automatically, and the behavior is strengthened

Answer 11

Automatic Positive Reinforcement

Question 12

When the behavior automatically reduces or eliminates an aversive stimulus as a consequence of the behavior and the behavior is strengthened

Answer 12

Automatic Negative Reinforcement

Question 13

Methods
Behavioral interviews
Questionnaires

Advantage:
Easy and efficient to conduct
Disadvantage 
May not be as accurate as other methods because they rely on memory and are subject to bias by the person providing the information 
Not experimental

Answer 13

Indirect (Informant) Assessment

Question 14

Observe behavior in natural setting (where the problem behavior normally occurs)
Focus is on immediate antecedents and consequences
Describe events objectively
Avoid inferences or assumptions about the behavior
Record enough instances of behavior

Answer 14

Direct Observation

Question 15

Most accurate functional assessment
Can be used to identify functional relationships between the environment and behavior
Used to see what variables in the environment turn the behavior “on” and “off”
Should always be used if circumstances allow

Answer 15

Functional Analysis

Question 16

The manipulation of antecedents and consequences to demonstrate a functional relationship between the antecedents and consequences of behavior

Answer 16

Functional Analysis

Question 17

Extinction of behavior maintained by

Answer 17

Social positive reinforcement
Social negative reinforcement
Automatic positive reinforcement
Automatic negative reinforcement

Question 18

The application of reinforcement and extinction to increase the occurrence of a desirable behavior and decrease the occurrence of an undesirable behavior

Answer 18

Differential Reinforcement

Question 19

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior

Answer 19

Reinforcer is delivered for a desirable, alternative behavior
Problem behavior is placed on extinction

Question 20

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

Answer 20

Reinforcer is delivered for the absence of problem behavior

Problem behavior is placed on extinction

Question 21

Reinforce a lower rate of problem behavior (not the complete absence of the problem behavior)
High rates of behavior are placed on extinction
The reinforcer is delivered when the rate of the problem behavior is decreased to a criterion level

Answer 21

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding

Question 22

Procedures in which antecedent stimuli are manipulated to increase the likelihood that desirable behaviors will occur, and to decrease undesirable behaviors that interfere with the desirable behaviors

Answer 22

Antecedent Control Procedures

Question 23

Based on functional assessment information
Involves altering the environment in advance of the target behavior
Addresses antecedents rather than consequences of operant behavior
Increases the probability of the desirable target behavior occurring, and decreases the probability of undesirable behavior occurring

Answer 23

Antecedent Control Procedures

Question 24

is the removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent on the occurrence of problem behavior. This results in a decrease of the problem behavior

Answer 24

Response cost