Midterm Review Flashcards
A neutral or positive expression used in place of one that carries negative associations
euphemism
Used to produce a negative effect on someone’s attitude about something or to tone down the positive associations it may have
dysphemism
Weasler
protection from criticism by weakening or watering down it somewhat and giving the claim’s author a way out in case the claim is challenged
What does it mean to think critically?
it means to think about thinking
T/F. A belief can either be true or false
true
What is the same as an opinion and judgment?
beliefs
What is the result of a belief that is a declarative
a claim
What are the 2 types of claims?
- subjective
2. objective
A type of claim whether true or false is independent of whether people think its true or false
objective claim
A type of claim that does depend whether people believe it
subjective claim
What does it mean when a deductive argument is valid? sound?
an argument is valid if isn’t possible for the premise(s) to be true and the conclusion is false. an argument is sound if the premise is valid AND true
euphemism
a neutral or positive expression used in place of one that carries negative associations
weasler
help protect it from criticism by watering it down somewhat, weakening it, an giving the claim’s author way out in case the claim is challenged
Innuendo
the power of suggestion to say something bad about someone or something
hyperbole
exaggeration or extravagant overstatement
dysphemism
produces a negative effect on someone’s attitude about something or tone down the positive associations ut may have
Downplayers
attempt to make someone or something look less important or significant
loaded questions
used to imply something without coming out and saying it
horse laugh
includes ridicule and vicious humor of all kinds
stereotype
a cultural belief or idea about a social group’s attributes usually simplified or exaggerated
repetition
simply making the same point over and over at every opportunity
rhetorical analogy
likens 2 or more things to make one of them appear better or worse than the other
rhetorical definitions
rhetorically charged language to express or elicit an attitude about something
rhetorical explanations
language of standard explanations to disguise their real purpose, which is to express or elicit an attitude