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Political Science 102 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Politics

A

Conflict and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of government

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2
Q

Political Science

A

A study of that competition; a focus on power; theories are constructed based on validity of data

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3
Q

Power

A

Influence over a government’s leadership, organization, or policies

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4
Q

Government

A

Institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled

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5
Q

Democracy

A

A political system that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process

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6
Q

Limited Government

A

A government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution

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7
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Political authority rests in the hands of the people

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8
Q

Political Efficacy

A

Ability to influence government and policy

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9
Q

Citizenship

A

Informed and active membership in a political community

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10
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

First constitution; it allowed new states to be formed, make treaties and alliances, the coining of money, maintained armed forces, etc.

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11
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

This was a protest against MA; objective was to prevent foreclosures on the land of farmers; Congress was ineffective in its response

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12
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Representation of states based on population

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13
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Wanted equal representation for all states

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14
Q

Connecticut Compromise

A

Created bicameral legislature (i.e. House and Senate)

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15
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Five slaves count as thee free persons for House apportionment

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16
Q

Constitution

A

A framework establishing the skeleton of a political system, the manner in which it is constructed, and the means by which it will operate

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17
Q

Branches of Government

A
  1. Legislative - Congress
  2. Executive - President
  3. Judicial - Supreme Court
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18
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The division of government power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making

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19
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the others

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20
Q

Representative Democracy (Republic)

A

A system of government in which the populace selects representatives, who play a role in governmental decision making

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21
Q

Federalism

A

A system of government in which power is divided between the central government and regional government

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22
Q

Amendment

A

A change added to a bill, law, or constitution

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23
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

A court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause of detention

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24
Q

Who serves as the President of the Senate?

A

Vice President

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25
Q

What percentage of the Senate is elected every two years?

A

1/3

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26
Q

Which body has the sole power to try all impeachments?

A

Senate

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27
Q

Which branch has the authority to make laws which shall be necessary and proper for all powers vested by the Constitution?

A

Legislative

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28
Q

what should not be suspended, except when cases of Rebellion or Invasion may require it?

A

Habeas Corpus

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29
Q

Can states enter into treaties, alliances, or confederation?

A

No

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30
Q

How many years is the term for a member of the House of Representatives?

A

2 years

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31
Q

Do you have to be a natural born citizen to serve in Congress?

A

No

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32
Q

What is the residency requirement for the President?

A

14 years - might not be consecutive

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33
Q

In the Oath of Affirmation, what does the President swear to preserve, protect, and defend?

A

Constitution

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34
Q

Minimum requirement for US Representative

A

25 years old; citizen for 7 years; inhabitancy at the time of election

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35
Q

Minimum requirement for US Senate

A

30 years old; citizen for 9 years; inhabitancy at the time of election

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36
Q

Minimum requirement for US President

A

35 years old; natural born citizen; resident for 14 years

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37
Q

Who has the authority to pardon offenses?

A

President of US

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38
Q

What is the Senate requirement necessary for treaty approval?

A

2/3

39
Q

According to the Constitution, who is the president addressing during the State of the Union?

A

Congress

40
Q

What is it called when someone is removed from office for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors?

A

Impeachment

41
Q

The Supreme Court is the head of which branch?

A

Judicial

42
Q

State of the Union

A

A constitutional provision which requires the president to provide Congress with information about the country and annual agenda

43
Q

Treaty

A

An agreement that is made by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate

44
Q

In cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have what?

A

Original jurisdiction

45
Q

The trial of crimes by jury shall be held where?

A

The state in which the crime was committed

46
Q

Full faith and ______ shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

A

Credit

47
Q

Who has the power to make all needful rules and regulations respecting territory or property belonging to the US

A

Congress

48
Q

The US shall guarantee to every State in this Union a ______ form of government

A

Republican

49
Q

Original Jurisdiction

A

The authority to initially consider a case

50
Q

Appellate Jurisdiction

A

The authority to hear appeals from a lower court’s decision

51
Q

Unitary System of Government

A

One level of government above the local level; sovereignty resides in the national government

52
Q

Confederal (Confederation) System of Government

A

Union of sovereign states; coordination between the states take place in certain areas

53
Q

Federal System of Government

A

Two levels of government above the local levels’; each level enjoys sovereignty in certain areas

54
Q

Expressed Powers

A

Specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress and the President

55
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers are not specifically listed but are implied through the expansive interpretation of expressed powers

56
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers assigned to the states

57
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Authority possessed by both state and national governments

58
Q

Dual Federalism

A

Powers are shared between the national and state levels

59
Q

Cooperative Federalism

A

Grants-in-aid used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals

60
Q

Regulated Federalism

A

Major increase in national government involvement; Congress imposes regulations on states, resulting in more uniform policies

61
Q

New Federalism

A

Return power back to the states through block grants given by national government; states determine policy and administer programs

62
Q

Unfunded Mandates

A

Conditions for receiving grants the impose costs on state and local governments

63
Q

Unfunded Mandates

A

Conditions for receiving grants the impose costs on state and local governments

64
Q

Block Grants

A

Federal grants that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

65
Q

General Revenue Sharing

A

One unit of government yields a portion of its income to another

66
Q

Social Contract

A

An agreement binding people into a community that exists for mutual preservation; establishment of civil society

67
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Protections of citizens from improper government action

68
Q

Civil Rights

A

Protections of citizens’ equality provided by the government

69
Q

Amendment 13

A

Slavery is abolished

70
Q

Amendment 14

A

Equal protection of the laws

71
Q

Amendment 15

A

Right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of race

72
Q

Amendment 19

A

Right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of sex

73
Q

Amendment 24

A

Outlawed the poll tax

74
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

Banned literacy tests and other discriminatory practices

75
Q

Fair Housing Amendment Act

A

Enforcement procedures for legal action against housing discrimination

76
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

Ensures access and prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and healthcare

77
Q

Equal Pay Act

A

Pay discrimination is illegal

78
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

“Separate but equal” established

79
Q

Brown v. BOE

A

Eliminated state’s ability to use race as a criterion of discrimination; national government can intervene

80
Q

Loving v. Virginia

A

Ends prohibition on interracial marriages

81
Q

Lau v. Nichols

A

School districts must provide education for students with limited English

82
Q

Franklin v. Gwinnett Co. Public Schools

A

Sexual harassment protections; equal treatment in athletics (i.e. Title Nine)

83
Q

Public Opinion

A

Attitudes citizens have about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events

84
Q

Values (Beliefs)

A

Basic principles that shape a person’s opinions about political issues and events

85
Q

Attitudes (Opinions)

A

A specific preference on a particular issue

86
Q

Political Ideology

A

Set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which we come to understand and interpret politics

87
Q

Modern Liberalism (Democratic)

A

Political and social reform; expansion of social services; economic intervention by the government

88
Q

Modern Conservatism (Republican)

A

Preservation of institutions and traditions; reduction of government activity and regulations

89
Q

Political Knowledge

A

Possessing correct information about political issues, actors, and institutions

90
Q

Digital Citizenship

A

Ability to participate in society and politics online (7/10 people)

91
Q

Advantage of New Media

A
  1. Convenience
  2. Currency
  3. Depth
  4. Diversity
  5. Interconnectedness
92
Q

Concerns of New Media

A
  1. Loss of investigative powers
  2. Quality
  3. Subjective Interpretation conveyed as fact
  4. Hacking and information leaks
  5. Being alone together
93
Q

Types of Media

A
  1. Print
  2. Broadcast
  3. Internet

Political Science 102 (2 decks)

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