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CP Biology - 9 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothesis?

A

What you think the outcome is going to be before you do the experiment.

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2
Q

What is the control?

A

A trial that doesn’t involve the independent variable, so results can be compared.

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3
Q

What is the constant?

A

A measurement in an experiment that never changes.

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4
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

A part of the experiment that isn’t changed.

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5
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

A part of the experiment that is changed by the independent variable.

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6
Q

Carbon forms how many bonds?

A

4 covalent bonds; single, double, and triple

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7
Q

What are the elements of a carbohydrate?

A

CHO

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8
Q

What are the elements of a lipid?

A

CHO

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9
Q

What are the elements of a protein?

A

CHON

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10
Q

What are the elements of nucleic acid?

A

CHONP

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11
Q

What is used for stored energy or insulation?

A

Lipids

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12
Q

What macromolecule can be DNA or RNA?

A

Nucleic Acid

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13
Q

What macromolecule is used for quick energy?

A

Carbs

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14
Q

What job does nucleic acid have?

A

Genetics

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15
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Passing through the lipids in the membrane.

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16
Q

What is it called when water is moved to balance out the membrane?

A

Osmosis

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17
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passing through the membrane with the help of the protein channel.

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18
Q

What is active transport?

A

Needs ATP and protein channel to pass through membrane.

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19
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

entering the cell into the vacuole.

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20
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Leaving the cell from vacuole.

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21
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Cell eating

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22
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Cell drinking

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23
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that speeds up reactions.

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24
Q

How can an enzyme be wrecked?

A

Denatured by heat or ph.

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25
Q

What is the best temperature for most enzymes?

A

35-40 degrees Celsius

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26
Q

What is the best pH for enzymes?

A

6-8 pH

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27
Q

What are two differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have nucleus’s and are in humans.

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28
Q

What is the structure in a leaf where CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf?

A

Stomata

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29
Q

Where does fermentation happen?

A

In the cytoplasm.

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30
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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31
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A

Matrix

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32
Q

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

A

Stroma

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33
Q

Where do light dependent cycles take place?

A

Thylakoids

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34
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a disease causing agent

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35
Q

What do antibiotics work against?

A

Bacteria

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36
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria cells?

A

Bacillus (rod), coccus (round), spirillum (spiral)

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37
Q

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC

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38
Q

What two cycles are part of photosynthesis?

A

Calvin Cycle and light dependent cycles.

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39
Q

Light energy is converted into chemical energy in what process?

A

Photosynthesis

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40
Q

What is the building block for carbs?

A

glucose

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41
Q

What is the building block for lipids?

A

fatty acids

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42
Q

What is the building block for proteins?

A

Amino acids

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43
Q

What is the building block for nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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44
Q

What is an example of a carb?

A

pasta

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45
Q

What is an example of a lipid?

A

triglycerides

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46
Q

What is an example of a protein?

A

enzymes

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47
Q

Which macromolecule forms a peptide bond?

48
Q

What is conjugation?

A

Direct transfer of DNA between cells

49
Q

What is transduction?

A

What a virus uses bacteria as a host

50
Q

What is transformation?

A

When the cell picks up genes from the environment

51
Q

What is binary fission?

A

When the cell multiplies

52
Q

What are the elements of a carbohydrate?

53
Q

What are the elements of a lipid?

54
Q

What are the elements of a protein?

55
Q

What are the elements of nucleic acid?

56
Q

What is used for stored energy or insulation?

57
Q

What macromolecule can be DNA or RNA?

A

Nucleic Acid

58
Q

What macromolecule is used for quick energy?

59
Q

What job does nucleic acid have?

60
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Passing through the lipids in the membrane.

61
Q

What is it called when water is moved to balance out the membrane?

62
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passing through the membrane with the help of the protein channel.

63
Q

What is active transport?

A

Needs ATP and protein channel to pass through membrane.

64
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

entering the cell into the vacuole.

65
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Leaving the cell from vacuole.

66
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Cell eating

67
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Cell drinking

68
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that speeds up reactions.

69
Q

How can an enzyme be wrecked?

A

Denatured by heat or ph.

70
Q

What is the best temperature for most enzymes?

A

35-40 degrees Celsius

71
Q

What is the best pH for enzymes?

72
Q

What are two differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have nucleus’s and are in humans.

73
Q

What is the structure in a leaf where CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf?

74
Q

Where does fermentation happen?

A

In the cytoplasm.

75
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

76
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

77
Q

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

78
Q

Where do light dependent cycles take place?

A

Thylakoids

79
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a disease causing agent

80
Q

What do antibiotics work against?

81
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria cells?

A

Bacillus (rod), coccus (round), spirillum (spiral)

82
Q

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC

83
Q

What two cycles are part of photosynthesis?

A

Calvin Cycle and light dependent cycles.

84
Q

Light energy is converted into chemical energy in what process?

A

Photosynthesis

85
Q

What is the building block for carbs?

86
Q

What is the building block for lipids?

A

fatty acids

87
Q

What is the building block for proteins?

A

Amino acids

88
Q

What is the building block for nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

89
Q

What is an example of a carb?

90
Q

What is an example of a lipid?

A

triglycerides

91
Q

What is an example of a protein?

92
Q

Which macromolecule forms a peptide bond?

93
Q

What is conjugation?

A

Direct transfer of DNA between cells

94
Q

What is transduction?

A

What a virus uses bacteria as a host

95
Q

What is transformation?

A

When the cell picks up genes from the environment

96
Q

What is binary fission?

A

When the cell multiplies

97
Q

what is antibacterial resistance?

A

When an antibiotic is resisted.

98
Q

What are pili and how are they used?

A

Hair like things outside of the bacteria that connects one bacteria to another

99
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Disease causing agent.

100
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

In host cells

101
Q

Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses?

A

Viruses don’t have what antibiotics target against

102
Q

Which way does the movement of substance go in diffusion?

A

High to low

103
Q

Is diffusion passive or active?

104
Q

Is osmosis passive or active?

105
Q

Is facilitated diffusion passive or active?

106
Q

Is the sodium potassium pump passive or active?

107
Q

Is endocytosis passive or active?

108
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

A

plant cell is larger, and doesn’t have a cell wall or chloroplast.

109
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

transports

110
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

energy maker

111
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

allows things in/out of cell

112
Q

what are ribosomes?

A

makes proteins

113
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

convert energy

114
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Where water/waste is stored

115
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

Shriveled, with less water

116
Q

What does hypertonic mean?

A

More water, swollen

117
Q

what are the products of cellular respiration?

A

CO2, H2O, atp

CP Biology - 9 (3 decks)

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