Midterm Review Flashcards
Define:
Mono-saccharide
Single sugar (simple carbohydrate)
polyhydroxy with a ketone or aldehyde
Define:
Disaccharide
Two linked sugars
“ose” refers to?
sugar
Triose
3 carbon sugar
aldose
sugar that is an aldehyde
ketose
sugar that is a ketone
Glycation = Maillard reaction and forms?
AGEs (protein cross linking, high inflammatory)
This is why people with diabetes age faster.
What is an isomer?
Two compounds with the same makeup of atoms
Define: Constitutional Isomer
Differ in the order of attachment of atms
Define: Stereoisomer
order the same, but the spatial arrangement differs.
Define: Enantiomers
non-superimposable mirror images
Define: Diastereoisomers
isomers that are not mirror images
Define:
Epimers
Differ at one of several asymmetric carbon (asymmetry around the carbon that has the carbonyl group)
Define:
Anomers
Differ at new asymmetric carbon upon ring closure
Alpha or beta configuaration of the hydroxyl group?
Birds fly up, Fish into sea
Why is 99.9 % of glucose not toxic?
because it is in a cyclic state.
glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are an example of what?
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
ALDOSE - KETOSE PAIR 1
Glucose and fructose are an example of what?
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
ALDOSE-KETOSE PAIR 2
D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde are examples of:
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
C. Enantiomer
Are most sugars in the D or L form?
D (~98% in our body)
D and L defined by the second to last hydroxyl group
D-glucose and D-mannose are examples of:
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
B. Epimer
2’ position is where the difference is!!!!!
alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose are examples of what?
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
A. Anomer
refers to the configuration of the hydroxyl group (alpha like a fish in the sea DOWN, Beta like a bird UP)
What is an anomeric carbon?
Carbon with the carbonyl group
D-glucose and D-galactose are examples of:
A. Anomer
B. Epimer
C. Enantiomer
D. Constitutional Isomer
B. Epimer
3’ position is where the difference is!!!!!