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Biochem - Heckert > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

Mono-saccharide

A

Single sugar (simple carbohydrate)

polyhydroxy with a ketone or aldehyde

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2
Q

Define:

Disaccharide

A

Two linked sugars

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3
Q

“ose” refers to?

A

sugar

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4
Q

Triose

A

3 carbon sugar

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5
Q

aldose

A

sugar that is an aldehyde

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6
Q

ketose

A

sugar that is a ketone

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7
Q

Glycation = Maillard reaction and forms?

A

AGEs (protein cross linking, high inflammatory)

This is why people with diabetes age faster.

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8
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Two compounds with the same makeup of atoms

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9
Q

Define: Constitutional Isomer

A

Differ in the order of attachment of atms

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10
Q

Define: Stereoisomer

A

order the same, but the spatial arrangement differs.

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11
Q

Define: Enantiomers

A

non-superimposable mirror images

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12
Q

Define: Diastereoisomers

A

isomers that are not mirror images

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13
Q

Define:

Epimers

A

Differ at one of several asymmetric carbon (asymmetry around the carbon that has the carbonyl group)

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14
Q

Define:

Anomers

A

Differ at new asymmetric carbon upon ring closure

Alpha or beta configuaration of the hydroxyl group?

Birds fly up, Fish into sea

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15
Q

Why is 99.9 % of glucose not toxic?

A

because it is in a cyclic state.

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16
Q

glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are an example of what?

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

D. Constitutional Isomer

ALDOSE - KETOSE PAIR 1

17
Q

Glucose and fructose are an example of what?

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

D. Constitutional Isomer

ALDOSE-KETOSE PAIR 2

18
Q

D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde are examples of:

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

C. Enantiomer

19
Q

Are most sugars in the D or L form?

A

D (~98% in our body)

D and L defined by the second to last hydroxyl group

20
Q

D-glucose and D-mannose are examples of:

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

B. Epimer

2’ position is where the difference is!!!!!

21
Q

alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose are examples of what?

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

A. Anomer

refers to the configuration of the hydroxyl group (alpha like a fish in the sea DOWN, Beta like a bird UP)

22
Q

What is an anomeric carbon?

A

Carbon with the carbonyl group

23
Q

D-glucose and D-galactose are examples of:

A. Anomer

B. Epimer

C. Enantiomer

D. Constitutional Isomer

A

B. Epimer

3’ position is where the difference is!!!!!

Biochem - Heckert (6 decks)

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