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Biochem - Heckert > Lecture 13 - Lipids > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Lipid?

A
  • Water insoluble biomolecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents
  • Membrane constituents

• Fatty acids are key constituents of lipids

• The hydrophobic properties of lipids are due to the fatty acids

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2
Q

Fatty Acids contribute the ______________, the most biologically
significant properties, of lipids

A

hydrophobic properties

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3
Q

Fatty Acids terminate with ___________

A

carboxylic acid group

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4
Q

Derivatives of Fatty Acids serve as:

A

hormones, signal molecules, and intracellular messengers

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5
Q

State the number of double bonds and Saturated or Unsaturated:

Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid )

A

C18

Saturated

No double bonds

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6
Q

State the number of double bonds and Saturated or Unsaturated:

octadecenoic acid

A

Unsaturated

one double bond

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7
Q

State the number of double bonds and Saturated or Unsaturated:

octadecatrienoic acid

A

Unsaturated

three double bonds

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8
Q

State the number of double bonds and Saturated or Unsaturated:

octadecadienoic acid

A

Unsaturated

two double bonds

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9
Q

The ω carbon refers to:

A

The methyl carbon atom at the distal end of the
chain is called the ω carbon

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10
Q

ω–3 fatty acid has a double bond at what point

A
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11
Q

Fatty acids usually contain an ____ number of C atoms, typically
between _________.

extra: what are the most common?

A

even, 14 and 24

most common: 16-18

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12
Q

The configuration of the double
bonds in most unsaturated fatty
acids is “cis” or “trans”, why?

A

“cis”, trans is much harder to breakdown

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13
Q

Which has a lower melting point, unsaturated or saturated fatty acids of the same length?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated
fatty acids of the same length

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14
Q

The melting points of saturated fatty acids increase or decrease with the chain
length?

A

increase

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15
Q

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

A. Stearic Acid

B. Oleic Acid

C. Linoleic Acid

D. Laurate

A

C. Linoleic Acid

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16
Q

Which of the following is a non-essential fatty acid?

A. Octadecatrienoate (Linolenate)

B. Eicosapentaenoic acid (Arachidonate)

C. Arachidate (n-Eicosanoate)

D. Linoleate (Octadecadienoate)

A

C. Arachidate (n-Eicosanoate)

17
Q

Why are archaeon’s able to survive in such hostile environments?

A

Ether linkage - more resistant to hydrolysis

Branched and saturated hydrocarbons - more resistant to oxidation

18
Q

A phospholipid molecule is constructed
from what 4 components?

A
  1. fatty acid: provides a hydrophobic barrier
  2. a backbone to which fatty acids are attached - glycerol (3-carbon alcohol; phosphoglycerides) or a sphingosine (a more complex alcohol; sphingomyelin)
  3. a phosphate
  4. an alcohol attached to phosphate
19
Q

What is a key intermediate in the
biosynthesis of other
phosphoglycerides.

A

Phosphatidate (look at structure)

20
Q

State the function:

Phosphatidylserine

A

Important for memory and cognition

21
Q

State the function:

Phosphatidylcholine

A

major constituent of cell membrane and pulmonary surfactant

22
Q

State the function:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

A

composing 25% of all phospholipids.

In human physiology, they are found particularly in nervous tissue such as the
white matter of brain

23
Q

State the function:

Phosphatidylinositol

A

important signaling and other functional activities in eukaryotic cell

24
Q

State the function:

Diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

A

Important component of inner mitochondrial membrane

25
Q

The following describes?

The phospholipid with the sphingosine as the backbone.

The amino group of the sphingosine backbone is linked to a fatty acid by an
amide bond

Found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin
sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons

A

Sphingomyelin

26
Q

The following describes?

Sugar-containing lipids

Derived from sphingosine

Differ from sphingomyelin is the identity of the unit that is linked to the primary hydroxyl group of the sphingosine backbone

A

Glycolipids (recognize the structure)

27
Q

The following describes?

The simplest glycolipid

Contains a single sugar residue, either glucose or galactose

important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes

A

Cerebroside (look at structure)

28
Q

The following describes?

A steroid, present in eukaryotes but not in most of prokaryotes, is built
form 4 fused saturated hydrocarbon rings

Further classified as a sterol because of its C3-OH group and its branched aliphatic side chain of 8 to 10 C atoms at C-17

The most abundant steroid in animals

A

Cholesterol

29
Q

TQ: Short chain length and unsaturated enhance fluidity of fatty acids and their derivatives? T/F

A

(Short chain length and unsaturated lower the melting point)

True

Biochem - Heckert (6 decks)

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