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Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Multicultural psychology

A

More than intellectual exercise; journey of self-discovery filled with deep feelings about subject matter and uncomfortable personal revelations

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2
Q

Multicultural counseling and therapy

A

Both a helping role and a process
That uses modalities and defines goals consistent with life experiences and cultural values of clients
Recognizes client identities to include individual, group, and universal dimensions
Advocates use of universal and culture-specific strategies and roles in healing process
Balances individualism and collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of client and client systems

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3
Q

Enemy of people of color

A

White supremacy, racism, and ethnocentrism

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4
Q

Goal of MCT

A

Cultural competence, becoming aware of worldviews: assumptions, misinformation, biases, and prejudices

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5
Q

Forms of resistance

A

Cognitive: belief that individuals from minority background are misperceiving or exaggerating
Emotional: blocks a person’s ability to acknowledge, understand, or making meaning of another’s experience
Behavioral: a means used to alleviate feelings of guilt

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6
Q

People of Color are often viewed

A

As misperceiving or exaggerating situations; plausible or “benign” explanations can account for experiences of prejudice and discrimination

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7
Q

Primary subjective emotion of White trainees

A

Anxiety, that they might be misunderstood or perceived as racist

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8
Q

Required to master the topic of cultural competence and cultural humility

A

Change

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9
Q

Etic

A

Culturally universal, that western concepts of normality/abnormality are true everywhere

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10
Q

Emic

A

Culturally specific, that theories arise within cultural context

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11
Q

Failing to consider cultural context and manifestation of disorders

A

Results in inaccurate diagnosis and inappropriate treatment

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12
Q

Target population in treatment process generally focuses on

A

Individual or universal levels of identity, placing less importance on the group level

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13
Q

3 process dimensions of cultural sensitivity in MCO model

A

Cultural humility
Cultural comfort
Cultural opportunity

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14
Q

Cultural humility

A

Refers to the counselor’s openness to working with culturally diverse clients; open attitudinal stance of the counselor (being not doing)

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15
Q

Cultural comfort

A

A therapist’s feeling at ease, calm, relaxed, and open to work with diverse clients

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16
Q

Cultural opportunity

A

“Markers” that occur in therapy when clinical openings present themselves where client’s cultural beliefs, values, and identity can be explored

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17
Q

Standard psychotherapeutic practices developed out of

A

White European culture among middle-class and affluent segments of the population

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18
Q

All theories and psychotherapy influenced by

A

Assumptions theorists make regarding
Goals for therapy
Methodology used to invoke change
Definition of mental health/illness

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19
Q

U.S. time orientation

A

Preoccupied with the future

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20
Q

Work ethic influencing U.S.

A

Protestant work ethic as part of an achievement-oriented society

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21
Q

Highest U.S. poverty rates

A

American Indians, 24.2%

22
Q

Life areas influenced by poverty

A

Higher depression
Lower control
Poorer health
Exclusion from society

(Low wages, unemployment, underemployment, little ownership of property/wealth, lack of food)

23
Q

Social status with negative effect on working-class client

A

Middle- to upper-class

24
Q

Why understand worldview of a client

A

To form a therapeutic working relationship

25
Microaggressions
Verbal comments/behaviors as brief and commonplace daily indignities (intentional and unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults that potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological impact on target person or group
26
Microinvalidations
Verbal comments/behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a target group
27
Microinsults
Verbal comments/behaviors that unintentionally convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person’s racial heritage/identity, gender identity, religion, ability, or sexual orientation identity
28
People of color prematurely terminate more than
Their White counterparts
29
Ethnocentric monoculturalism characterized by
1. Belief in the superiority of one group’s cultural heritage 2. Assumption of the inferiority of the cultural heritages of other groups 3. With the power to impose its standards and beliefs on other groups 4. Made manifest in programs, policies, practices, structures, and institutions of society 5. Is the product of cultural conditioning with worldview as invisible veil
30
Mainstream social science has historically ignored
The study of Asian people in the U.S. Social science literature reinforces a negative view of African Americans, Latinx Americans, Native Americans, Puerto Ricans.
31
Historic portrayal of people of color
Pathologized
32
Integration of social justice orientation begins
When psychotherapists are trained
33
Multicultural counseling curriculum
Consciousness-raising Affective/experiential Knowledge Skills
34
REC
Race Ethnicity Culture
35
5 levels of development of oppressed people understanding themselves
Conformity Dissonance Resistance/immersion Introspection Integrative awareness
36
Integrative status awareness
Occurs when individual has developed an inner sense of security and can now own and appreciate unique aspects of their culture as well as those of U.S. culture
37
Observations involving Whites
Less aware of White identity, more racist More aware of White identity, good multicultural counseling competence, positive opinions of minorities, good therapeutic alliances Higher levels of mature relationships/personal well-being Women more likely to be aware of White identity
38
White racial identity development models
Hardiman: naïveté, acceptance, resistance, redefinition, internalization Helms: abandonment of racism (contact, disintegration, reintegration) and defining non-racist White identity (pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, autonomy)
39
When differences are apparent/revealed
Important to acknowledge/broach them
40
Overidentification manifest in counseling
As countertransference
41
Counselors that operate out of their own worldview may be guilty of
Cultural oppression, imposing their values and standards upon culturally diverse clients
42
All therapists and counselors must
Become aware of own worldviews: biases, values, assumptions; Understand worldviews of clients Develop cultural appropriate intervention strategies in working with diverse clients
43
Interacting components of successful therapy outcome
Therapy selected Therapist qualities/skills Client characteristics
44
Shortcomings of empirically supported therapies (EST)
Inadequate consideration of contextual, cultural, environmental influences (discrimination/racism) Validity for minority groups Importance of therapist-client relationship not acknowledged Too much emphasis on randomized control trials vs. qualitative research designs
45
Characteristic for developing emotional bond
Empathy, respect, genuineness, and warmth Client feels understood, safe, encouraged Strong therapeutic alliance
46
Treating options involved in indigenous healing approach
Spiritual plane of existence; Heavy reliance on communal/group/family networks Spiritual and religious beliefs used Shamans/keepers of timeless wisdom conducting healing ceremonies
47
Important areas of spirituality
Involve transcending time and space, mind and body, our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings; Transpersonal and includes one’s capacity for creativity, growth, love
48
Common diagnostic errors in culturally sensitive assessment
Confirmatory strategy (searching only for evidence or information supporting one’s hypothesis) Attribution error (over-attributing internal while under-emphasizing external) Judgmental heuristics (quick-decision labels or automatic associations) Diagnostic overshadowing (minimizing actual problem with prominent characteristics as causal factors) Implicit bias (spontaneous racial/diversity stereotypes/attitudes)
49
Collaborative conceptualization
Clinician skill AND client perspective to understand problem; define problem; formulate hypothesis; confirm/disconfirm hypothesis; test hypothesis; develop treatment plan OR formulate new hypothesis
50
Culturally sensitive intake interview
Consideration of situational, family, sociocultural, environmental issues

Social and Cultural Foundations (4 decks)

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