Chapter 3 Flashcards
Counseling influenced by assumptions about
Theorist’s goals for therapy
Methodology to invoke change
Definition used for mental health/illness
Counseling origins
Western Europe, in both history and tradition, dominantly present/taken for granted in the U.S.
Therapeutic processes developed amidst middle-class/affluent, impacting values, assumptions, goals of therapy (others marginalized)
Most U.S. counseling
Individual-centered
Emotionally expressive
Insight-based
Approving of individuals who are assertive, stand up for rights, not passive
Prioritizing ability to self-disclose
Uncomfortable with pause or silence
Communication style
Factors that go beyond the content of what is said; 30-40% of what is communicated is verbal
Paralanguage
Vocal cues that add meaning to communication
Proxemics
Conversational distance
Kinesics
Bodily movements
Western values
Scientific method, including objective, rational, linear thinking
Influenced by Protestant work ethic
Microaggressions
Verbal and nonverbal everyday slights, indignities, putdowns, insults, and invalidations that marginalized group members experience in their day-to-day interactions with well-intentioned people who often are unaware they have engaged in an offensive and demeaning manner
They reflect implicit bias or attitudes and beliefs outside the level of conscious awareness, powerful in reflection of inclusion-exclusion, superiority-inferiority, normality-abnormality
Implicit bias
Unconscious, inherited negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized groups that is unavoidable and inevitable due to socialization
Transphobia
Prejudice against transgender individuals
Macroaggression
Systemic and institutional forms of discrimination that impact an entire class of individuals; reside in policies, programs, practices, and structures of institutions that disadvantage or oppress socially devalued groups while benefitting others
Microassault
Refers to blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
Microinsult
Unintentional behaviors or verbal comments characterized by insulting hidden messages that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person’s racial heritage/identity, gender identity, religion, ability, or sexual orientation/identity
Microinvalidation
Verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a target group; usually unintentional and out of the perpetrator’s awareness
