midterm review Flashcards
list the following astronomical features in order of relative size from smallest to largest
•sun
•jupiter
•milky way galaxy
•universe
•our solar system
jupiter, sun, our solar system, milky way galaxy, universe
identify one piece of evidence that led astronomers to infer that the universe is expanding
the red shift of light
identify the name of the event that is inferred by scientists to have occurred when the universe first formed
the big bang
identify the force that caused stars and planets in the universe to become layered according to density differences in their composition
gravity
identify the nuclear process that combines lighter elements into heavier elements to produce the energy radiated by stars
fusion(hydrogen to helium)
identify the claim astronomers made in the 1940s to support the expanding universe
there is leftover heat from the big bang
what is their evidence to support the claim made
satellite probes found that cosmic microwave background radiation fills the universe in every direction
what is the reason the evidence supports the claim made
the three kelvins are leftover density form the big bang
the diagram below represents the spectral lines from the light emitted from a mixture of two gaseous elements in a laboratory on earth
if the same two elements were detected in a distant star that was moving away from earth how are the spectral lines appear
• the entire set of spectral lines would shift toward the red end
• the entire set of spectral lines would shift toward the blue end
• the spectral lines of the shorter wavelengths would move closer together
• the spectral lines of the longer wavelengths would move closer together
• the entire set of spectral lines would shift toward the red end
astronomers viewing light from distant galaxies observe a shift of spectral lines toward the red end of the visible spectrum
this shift provides evidence that…
the universe is expanding
cosmic background radiation provides evidence of the
big bang theory
the milky way can best be described as
• an elliptical galaxy
• a collection of stars orbiting the sun
• a star that originated 4600 million years ago
• one of billions of galaxies in the universe
• one of billions of galaxies in the universe
which of the following stages in nucleosynthesis takes the shortest amount of time
• h➡️he
• he➡️c
• c➡️o
• o➡️si
• o➡️si
which of the following statements is true regarding nucleosynthesis in a massive star
• the stages with the lighter elements have the shortest duration
• the stages with the lighter elements have the longest duration
• all stages within a massive star have the same duration
• core collapse in a massive star occurs over 6 months
• the stages with the lighter elements have the longest duration
identify the element in the star by using the emission line spectra pattern shown below
silicon
how would the pattern change to an earth observer if the star is moving further away from the planet
• the pattern would be the same, only shifted to the longer wavelength of red
• the pattern would be the same, only shifted to the shorter wavelength of red
• the pattern would be the same, only shifted to the longer wavelength of blue
• the pattern would be the same, only shifted to the shorter wavelength of blue
• the pattern would be the same, only shifted to the longer wavelength of red
sirius is a part of which spectral class
a
what color is the star spica
blue-white
which star is the hottest
beta centauri
compared to our sun betelgeuse is..
bigger and more massive
which of the following statements correctly describes the life cycle of a highly massive star
• protostar, red supergiant, supernova, black hole
• protostar, red giant, supernova, black hole
• protostar, red dwarf, supernova, black hole
• protostar, red supergiant, supernova, white dwarf
• protostar, red supergiant, supernova, black hole
the more massive the star the ___ the lifetime
shorter
what is the surface temperature of sirius compared to the surface temperature of the sun
• lower
• higher
• the same
• higher
what is the luminosity of sirius compared to the luminosity of the sun
• less
• greater
• the same
• greater
state the name of one star labeled on the characteristics of stars graph in the earth and space sciences reference tables that may become either a black hole or neutron star
betelgeuse
based on the life cycle of stars model in your essrt identify the characteristic of a main sequence star that determines whether the star becomes a giant or a supergiant
mass
identify the process that occurs when lighter elements in a star combine to form heavier elements producing the stars radiant energy
nuclear fusion
what is the diameter of neptune
49828 km
which planet has a rotational period closest to earth
mars
the jovian planets differ from the terrestrial planets because the jovian planets are
• less dense, larger and far from the sun
• more dense, larger and far from the sun
• more dense, smaller and closer to the sun
• less dense, smaller and closer to the sun
• more dense, smaller and closer to the sun
which planet has an eccentricity greater than saturn
• mars
• neptune
• earth
• mercury
• mercury
as the distance from the sun ___ the period of revolution ___
increases, increases
what kind of relationship is “as the distance from the sun increases the period of revolution increases”
direct
what property defines a planets day
period of rotation at equator
what property defines a planets year
period of revolution
what property influences the seasons
axial tilt
what property changes the planets orbit velocity during the year
eccentricity of orbit
state the number of million years ago for the estimated time of origin of our solar system
4.6 billion years ago
compared to the terrestrial planets that formed closer to the sun describe two characteristics that are different for the jovian planets that formed farther from the sun
they are more larger or massive and they are composed of gases and ices
identify the planet that has a period of rotation greater than its period of revolution
venus
what is keplers first law
each planets orbit is an ellipse with the sun at one focus
what is keplers second law
planets change orbital speed as they revolve around the sun
what is keplers third law
a planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit
according to your knowledge of the solar system and the data in the reference tables what is the relationship between the distance to the sun and the period of revolution
as distance from the sun increases, a planets period of revolution increases
how does keplers third law support that “as distance from the sun increases a planets period of revolution increases”
both values increasing shows the proportion that keplers third law states
how does the area from the sun to points a to b compare to the area from the sun to points c to d
the areas are the same
how does the time it takes for a spacecraft to move from point a to b compare to the time of takes for it to move from point c to d
the time it takes for both is the same
the model below shows the moon in four positions in its orbit around earth and the distances between earth and the moon at these four positions
claim 1: the illumination of the moon is increasing from one day to the next
claim 2: the illumination of the moon is decreasing from one day to the next
claim 3: the distance between earth and the moon is increasing from one day to the next
claim 4: the distance between earth and the moon is decreasing from one day to the next
claim 5: the orbital velocity of the moon is increasing from one day to the next
claim 6: the orbital velocity of the moon is decreasing from one day to the next
which set of claims correctly predicts the amount of illumination, the distance from, and the orbital velocity for the moon during the waxing crescent phases
• claims 1 4 and 5
• claims 2 4 and 5
• claims 1 3 and 6
• claims 2 3 and 6
• claims 2 4 and 5
what happens to the amount of light we view on the moon as it moves from location b to location c
the amount of light we view changes
how much time does it take for the moon to make one full orbit around the earth
27.3 days
how long does it take the moon to go through a phase cycle(full moon to the next full moon)
29.5 days
produce an explanation of why we see the moons in different phases
because of the moons position relative to the earth which affects the amount of sunlight that reflects off its surface and reaches us
bad your answer to the question on the calendar below which shows the month of july of a recent year. the dates of major moon phases as seen in new york star are shown.
when will the next full moon occur
august 14
which statement below best describes the earths crust
• it is stationary and unable to move
• it is thicker than the mantle and the core
• it is located between the outer and inner core
• it is composed of continental and oceanic plates
• it is composed of continental and oceanic plates
what happens to density as depth increases
• increases
• decreases
• stays the same
• increases
what layer of earth is responsible for the magnetic field
• continental Crust
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core
• outer core
which layer is thinnest and least dense
• crust
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core
• crust
what is molten rock inside earth called
• magma
• plate
• trench
• ridge
• magma
what feature is found at a convergent boundary
• trench
• hot spot
• ocean ridge
• extinct volcanoes
• trench
volcanoes can be found on both land and ocean
• true
• false
• true
what kind of plate boundary is this
divergent
what kind of plate boundary is this
convergent
what kind of plate boundary is this
transform
what kind of plate boundary is this
uncertain
what type of plate boundary exists between the north american plate and african plate
divergent
what type of plate boundary exists between the sandwich plate and south american plate
convergent
what type of plate boundary exists between the philippine plate and caroline plate
convergent
what type of plate boundary exists between the caroline plate and pacific plate
transform
which ridge has the slowest total spreading rate
• east pacific rise
• mid atlantic ridge
• southeast indian ocean ridge
• southwest indian ocean ridge
• southwest indian ocean ridge
describe the general relationship between he distance from the ridge center and the age of the seafloor bedrock
as distance goes up, the age goes up
identify the type of tectonic plate boundary at the mid ocean ridge where these magnetic patterns were produced
divergent
