midterm review Flashcards
What are the 10 most common addictions?
→ Alcohol
→ Smoking
→ Drug
→ Gambling
→ Food
→ Video Games
→ Internet
→ Sex
→ Shopping
→ Work
At about what periods in history did cocaine reach its first and second peaks of popularity, and when was amphetamine’s popularity at its highest
→ Cocaine : 1890’s and 1980’s
→ Amphetamines : 1960’s
How did Mariani, Halsted, and Freud popularize the use of cocaine?
→ Importing coca leaves and extracting it into products.
→ Experimenting with the ability of cocaine to produce local anesthesia.
→ Using it for treatment of depression and morphine addiction.
How are coca paste, freebase, and crack similar?
They’re all the same. Are all made from the coca plant and are a form of cocaine.
Following cocaine use, how long does it take for the drug (or its metabolites) to be eliminated from the body and not detected in the urine?
Two to three days after the last dose.
What similarities and what differences are there in the toxic effects of cocaine and amphetamine?
→ Similarity: Extended use leads to paranoia.
→ Toxicity of Cocaine: no evidence that occasional use of small amounts is a threat to health but doses can be increased to point of toxicity.
How would medical practice be affected if both cocaine and amphetamine were placed on Schedule I?
Cocaine would not be able to be used as local anesthesia and amphetamine would not be used for ADHD.
How does the chemical difference between methamphetamine and amphetamine relate to the behavioral effects of the two drugs?
→ Amphetamines are still used today as an adjunctive therapy to treat depression.
→ Methamphetamine: Is more potent so it takes less to get a greater effect.
Compare the dependence potential of cocaine with that of amphetamine.
You can be addicted to both if you use it enough. They are rarely used because they have a high potential of addiction. They have a high potency of addiction and must be measured carefully.
Describe the effects of amphetamines on mental performance.
Reduces activity levels and improves concentration in hyperactive children and adults.
Give two examples of anxiety disorder.
→ Social Anxiety Disorder
→ Panic Disorder
Is schizophrenia a functional or an organic psychosis?
Functional.
Besides sadness, what are some other indicators of a major depressive episode?
→ Significant changes in body weight or appetite (increased or decreased).
→ Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
→ Diminished ability to think or concentrate.
What type of drug is chlorpromazine, and where was it first tested on patients?
An antipsychotic first tested in France for patients of surgery.
What is tardive dyskinesia, and how does it respond to a reduction in the dose of an antipsychotic drug?
Most serious complication of antipsychotic drug treatment after reduction. Rhythmic, repetitive sucking and smacking movements of the lips; thrusting of the tongue in and out (“fly-catching”); and movements of the arms, toes, or fingers. Happens when someone is not weened off the drug.
