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HAN 364: informatics > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Data?

know the difference between data, infromation, knowledge, and wisdom

A

Characters, numbers, or facts gathered for analysis and possibly later action
OR
Symbols or observations reflecting differences in the world (Example: 250.00)

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2
Q

What is Information?

know the difference between data, infromation, knowledge, and wisdom

A

Interpreted data (Example: B/P readings)
OR
Data with meaning (Example: ICD-9 code of 250.00 means type 2 diabetes)

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3
Q

What is Knowledge?

know the difference between data, infromation, knowledge, and wisdom

A

Synthesis of information from several sources to produce a single concept
OR
Information that is justifiably believed to be true (Example: obese patients are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes)

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4
Q

What is Wisdom?

know the difference between data, infromation, knowledge, and wisdom

A

Occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems

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5
Q

What are the driving forces behind health informatics?

A
  • increase healthcare efficiency and productivity
  • improve healthcare quality (patient outcomes) resulting in improved patient safety
  • reduce healthcare costs
  • improve healthcare access with technologies (Example: telemedicine and online scheduling)
  • improve coordination and continuity of care
  • improve medical education of clinicians and patients
  • standardize medical care
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6
Q

What does HIT adoption look to do?

A

Improve quality care, cost and patient safety

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7
Q

What are barriers to HIT (health IT) adoption?

A
  • not enough time
  • not enough expertise
  • not enough financial resources
  • lack of interoperability between technologies
  • inadequate cost and return on investment data
  • privacy concerns
  • new legal concerns: who owns the electronic data
  • need for behavioral changes: about 50% of staff will be slow to adopt any new changes
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8
Q

What is biomedical informatics?

A

It encompasses bioinformatics as well as medical, dental, nursing, public health, pharmacy, medical imaging and veterinary informatics

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9
Q

What are some Data Types?

A
  • integers
  • floating (decimal) point numbers
  • characters
  • strings
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10
Q

The following is an example of what type of data: “hello” “ball” “dog”

  • integers
  • floating point numbers
  • strings

Know the difference between Data Types

A

strings

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11
Q

The following is an example of what type of data: 3.5982

  • integers
  • floating (decimal) point numbers
  • strings

Know the difference between Data Types

A

floating (decimal) point numbers

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12
Q

The following is an example of what type of data: -57, 4975, 28

  • integers
  • floating point numbers
  • strings

Know the difference between Data Types

A

integers

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13
Q

What is structured data?

Know the difference Between Structured and Unstructured Data

A

Data that is coded

Example: diagnoses, labs, medications, procedures, prescriptions, etc.

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14
Q

What is unstructured data?

Know the difference Between Structured and Unstructured Data

A

Free text or natural language

Example: clinician notes, images and graphics, visit documentation, etc.

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15
Q

What is a Clinical Data Warehouse?

A

Warehouse in which data from EHRs, Radiology, Pathology, etc. are copied into a staging database where they are cleaned and loaded into another common database and associated with meta data

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16
Q

What are the main functions of CDW?

A
  • used to evaluate a critical clinical process, cost estimates and they can analyze potential solutions
  • highly valuable for informatics and evidence based medical research
  • help track infections and report trends to public health
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17
Q

Why does HIT (health IT) fail?

A

Because there is a large gap between healthcare data generated and information (semantic gap)

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18
Q

What are REST Operations?

A
  • GET = get a resource (read a resource)
  • POST = create a resource
  • PUT = update a resource
  • DELETE = delete a resource
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19
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The size of the pipe to transmit packets

the bigger it is the more info

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20
Q

What is packet loss?

A

Packets may rarely fail to reach their destination (this is an issue)

Example: sent 10 packages in mail. 5 get accepted and 5 get lost

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21
Q

What is jitter?

A

The random variation in packet delay and reflects Internet spikes in activity

Example: rush hour traffic but on network that causes delay

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22
Q

What is LAN?

Know the difference between LAN and WAN

A

Local Area Network

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23
Q

What is WAN?

Know the difference between LAN and WAN

A

Wide Area Network

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24
Q

What is an EHR?

A

An electronic record of health-related infrmation on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standard and that can be created, managed and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across mre than one healthcare organization

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25
Q

What is Interoperability?

A

The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged

This implies that the data is computable and that standards exist that permit interoperability

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26
Q

What is blocking?

A

When persons or entities knowingly and unreasonably interfere with the exchange or use of electronic health information

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27
Q

What are the ways that the EMR is accessed?

A
  • Citrix
  • VPN
  • Single Sign On
  • smart phones
  • tablets
  • virtual desktop
  • hard/soft token
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28
Q

Why do we need EHR’s?

A
  • paper records are severly limited
  • need for improved efficiency and productivity
  • quality of care and patient safety
  • public expectations
  • government expectations
  • financial savings
  • technological advances
  • need for aggregated data
  • need for integrated data
  • use as a tranformational tool
29
Q

What is CPOE

A

computerized physician order entry

**Furthermore: **

An EHR feature that processes orders for medications, lab tests, imaging, consults and other diagnostic tests

NOT THE SAME AS ELECTRONIC PRESCRIBING

30
Q

What are some of the benefits of CPOE?

A
  • overcomes issue of illegibility
  • able to avoid medication errors
  • creates data that is available for analysis
  • can point out treatment and drugs of choice
  • can reduce under and over prescribing
  • prescriptions reach the pharmacy quicker
31
Q

What are some challenges of CPOE?

A

It is difficult to implement in hospitals because it disrupts workflow and slows physicians down

32
Q

What are the key components of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)?

A
  • knowledge support: programs embedded into the EHR that educated clinicians or patients
  • calculators
  • flowcharts and graphs
  • order sets
  • reminders
  • differential diagnosis
  • lab and imaging decision support
  • public health alerts
33
Q

What is one of the biggest challanges of an eRx system?

A
  • alert fatigue
  • prescribing errors (wrong drug or dose)
  • issues at the pharmacist’s end
  • still not clear how many adverse drug events are prevented wtih eRX
34
Q

What are the four approaches of standards?

A
  • Ad hoc = groups agree to informal specifications
  • De facto = single vendor controls industry
  • Government mandate = government agency creates standard and mandates its use
  • Consensus = interested parties work in open process
35
Q

What is HL7?

A

An international standards development organization
* the domain is clincal and administrative data transmission and perhaps is the most prolific set of healthcare standards

36
Q

What is XML?

A

A data packaging standard useful for sharing
* XML documents are both human and machine readable

37
Q

What is CDA?

A

Clincal Document Architecture
* these allow humans to read health care information that is in the form of documents

38
Q

CDA template

A
39
Q

What codes group are done on Inpatient and Outpatient?

A
40
Q

What is a superbill?

A
41
Q

What are the type of healthcare data shared?

A
42
Q

What is a HIE?

A
43
Q

What is a RHIO?

A
44
Q

Is an opt out or an opt in state?

A
45
Q

What are obstacles to a HIO?

A
46
Q

What is the definition of analytics?

A
47
Q

What are the three types of analytics?

A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q

What are the characteristics of quality data?

A
52
Q

What is data cleansing?

A
53
Q

What is data mining?

A
54
Q

What are the four V’s in Big Data attributes?

A
55
Q

What are the challenges of data analytics?

A
56
Q

What are the five rights of CDS?

A
57
Q

What are the two phases of CDS?

A
58
Q

What is knowledge use?

A
59
Q

What is knowledge management?

A
60
Q

How are CDS’ classified

A
61
Q

What are the five rights of medication safety?

A
62
Q

What is Barcode Medication Administration?

A
63
Q

What is Med Reconciliation?

A
64
Q

What are unintended consequences?

A
65
Q

What are non reimbursable complications?

A
66
Q

What are your consumer rights under HIPAA?

A
67
Q

What are the three safeguard categories of HIPAA?

A
68
Q

What are the three pillars of data security?

A
69
Q

Who has to follow HIPAA?

A

HAN 364: informatics (2 decks)

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