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British History > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it important for Great Britain to be an island?

A

Wants to maintain naval power; does not have strong military/army traditions

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2
Q

The industrial part of Britain, as it’s close to mining and mountains

A

North

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3
Q

People living around England, more working class, typically Protestant

A

Celtic

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4
Q

Britain’s political system where you vote for one member of parliament and the winner party picks the prime minister

A

Parliamentary system

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5
Q

How did Britain come to be an empire?

A

colonialization

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6
Q

Part of London that consisted of working class and poor people since the medieval days

A

Eastern London

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7
Q

What are some recent world events that have reminded Britain of WW2?

A

Covid with private labs, food banks, self isolation

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8
Q

Labour party view of WW2

A

it was “the people’s war,” built state welfare, credited running the home front

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9
Q

Conservative party view of WW2

A

the war rekindled Christianity, the love of the country, patriotism, and valor; was won by soldiers, middle class scientists, and Churchill

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10
Q

Great Misconceptions of WW2

A

-D-Day was one of the most ambitious operations in history

-Germany was on the cusp of defeating the Soviet Union, despite the SU providing for Germany during the war

-Not everyone was in it together; there was still a division in classes

-Russia and the Soviet Union were NOT the same thing! Soviet Union consisted for 4 separate republics, including Russia

-Churchill did appease a dictator, Josef Stalin, by giving him Eastern Poland

-Britain was not alone in 1940; the empire consisted of over 30 million people

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11
Q

Occurred in the 1600s, when Britain broke away from the Catholic church; Henry the 8th created the Anglican church run by the government

A

English Reformation

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12
Q

Non-conformist

A

someone practicing Christianity apart from the church of England; ex. Scotland and Northern England

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13
Q

idea that the class above you knows best, therefore you defer to them

A

Cultural deference

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14
Q

Believed the war would iron out social class distinctions

A

Labour belief of war

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15
Q

Believed the war could inspire everyone to fight for what Britain used to be

A

Conservative belief of war

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16
Q

A government rest that sees if you can live without the government’s help/financial aid

A

Means Test

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17
Q

Present day event that compares to Munich in 1938

A

Russia and Ukrainian war

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18
Q

Year Munich conference took place

A

1938

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19
Q

a military plan adopted in 1919 post WW1 by Britain that claimed they would not go to war for the next ten years

A

10 Year Rule

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20
Q

What were Neville Chamberlain’s 2 flaws?

A

He mixed his goal for peace with his public reputation and declined to consult with foreign policy experts regarding peace negotiations

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21
Q

Year when the RAF could purchase produced aircraft

A

April 1938

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22
Q

Two countries that took the spoils of land when Czechoslovakia was broken up

A

Hungary and Poland

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23
Q

The 4 dominions of the British Empire

A

Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Union of South Africa

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24
Q

Made the largest contribution to the war with 13 ships and 1774 officers and men

A

The Royal Canadian Navy

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25
Q

Which dominion was terrified of the Japanese?

A

Australia

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26
Q

Which dominion was the most enthusiastic to comply to Britain?

A

New Zealand

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27
Q

The first contingent of Dominion troops to reach Britain

A

The First Canadian Division

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28
Q

King’s guard who were Canadians, the Royal 22nd Regiment and known as the Toronto Scottish

A

The Van Doos

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29
Q

created when the Canadian commander wanted his men to be organized into a highly mobile, quick acting, and hard hitting reserve; was tossed around and eventually sent to Oxford

A

Canadian Force

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30
Q

How people viewed the Empire in 1924

A

A bustling commercial hub that wanted to exploit their pride for the Empire

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31
Q

Saw themselves as self governing countries who are not a part of the empire; despite them being bound by the monarchy and linked to the British royal family

A

dominions

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32
Q

Pre WW1, the dominions were known as

A

the White Dominions

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33
Q

Countries that can stay in power and are protected from enemies by following Britain

A

Protectorates/Protected States

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34
Q

A strange political arrangement that is considered in a way a sub empire

A

Condominiums

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35
Q

-Colonies divided between France, Britain and Belgium post WW1 as a part of the Versailles Settlement (were entrusted to these countries by the League of Nations)
-Are run like colonies, but prepped to be independent

A

Mandated territories

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36
Q

Princely states under direct British Rule and strongly invested in the Empire

A

British India/Indian States

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37
Q

Percentage of India in the British Empire

A

60%

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38
Q

Occurred in India in 1919 when Indian Politicians had a meeting about wanting a better relationship with Britain, and British armies came in and murdered them in cold blood

A

Amritsar Massacre

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39
Q

Why did the US not immediately help Britain in 1939?

A

After the Amritsar Massacre, India had nonviolent protests that British troops violently shut down; the event was broadcasted all over the world, including the US

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40
Q

Why were Australia and New Zealand hesitant being led by the British?

A

They lost 10,000 soldiers in Turkey

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41
Q

Who did Australia and New Zealand want to protect them?

A

the US, as it seemed like a better power than Great Britain

42
Q

Meeting where Britain agreed to the same size navy as the US, but only in the pacific

A

Four Power Naval Conference

43
Q

occurred in 1943 where more than 3 million people died in India due to starvation and other associated diseases, as large scale exports of food was taken out and sent to war theaters

A

Bengal Famine

44
Q

Which dominion did not want to fight against Hitler, because it actually admired him

A

South Africa

45
Q

Occurred from 1899 to 1902 where the English built concentration camps for women and children to get this dominion to surrender

A

South African War against the English

46
Q

Declaration where the British government commits to supporting Jewish homeland; after 1920 they find control over Palestine

A

Balfour Declaration 1917

47
Q

Occurred in May 1940 where over 340,000 British soldiers evacuated from France during the German’s raid; is considered one of several military achievements Britain has in the war

A

Dunkirk

48
Q

Was viewed as a political opportunist in the 1920s, was a soldier in WW1 who escaped from a POW camp, was in charge of the navy in Norway

A

Winston Churchill

49
Q

2 key events that explained why Britain’s accepted their government’s declaration to go to war

A

Brutality of Kristallnacht with the passing of anti-Jew laws & the seizure of Prague in March 1939 that confirmed Nazi commitment

50
Q

What unusual thing happened during the break out of war?

A

The Pet Massacre- when over a million pets were put down and killed, as there were no gas masks for them, people needed food, and thought it was for the best.

51
Q

By September 1939, how many Brits were volunteering for war?

A

Over 2 and a half million (paid and unpaid), mainly motivated to protect their families and homes

52
Q

Counters that were set up in department stores with supplies for blackout and attacks

A

Air Raid Precautions (ARP)

53
Q

Adopted by the Labour party that refused to serve in any government headed by Chamberlain

A

Patriotic opposition

54
Q

The western front waiting for expected German assault and even grew bored

A

Phony War

55
Q

An ill planned Soviet invasion of Finland that revealed the vulnerability of Soviet forces, took place from 1939-1940)

A

Winter War

56
Q

What ended the Phony War?

A

Germany launched Blitzkrieg against the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, and France in 1940; final straw for Chamberlain, Churchill was made Prime Minister

57
Q

How many forces did Germany have?

A

3, Group A, B, and C

58
Q

Group that faced the Maginot Line to prevent counter thrust

A

Group C

59
Q

Group that rolled across the low countries and drove toward the English Channel

A

Group B

60
Q

Group that went through the hilly Ardennes forest in Belgium and across the border of France and took Sedan (Dunkirk)

A

Group A

61
Q

Formed hastily, assembled from the country’s five regular divisions, called up units of Territorial Army; consisted of 300,000 who were low in experience and skill

A

British Expeditionary Force

62
Q

German anti aircraft cannon that was the war’s best anti-tank weapon

A

The 88mm

63
Q

Rescue mission that was launched by the Royal Navy with Canadian and French warships

A

Operation Dynamo

64
Q

What did France do on June 22, 1940 with Germany?

A

signed a harsh armistice that was dictated on Hitler’s terms

65
Q

glorified depiction of someone’s life

A

hageography

66
Q

the idea of gradually stumbling through a crisis in a spontaneous response

A

muddle

67
Q

Members of the labor party

A

factory workers, working class, middle class progressives

68
Q

In 1940, Churchill was named Prime Minister and created a war cabinet of

A

2 conservatives
2 labor members
Himself

69
Q

airplane that is developed in 1937 and delivered in 1938; becomes an iconic symbol of British national pride

A

Spitfire

70
Q

Year the Germans send 400 bombers to England

A

1940

71
Q

imaging technology to identify distant signals through sound; started in 1937

A

radar chain

72
Q

British plan to keep the planes on the ground and have pilots rest until Germans get close

A

Scramble

73
Q

Day the British attacked the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria; the fleet refused to go back to Britain, so the Brits destroy the fleet and kill 300 French soldiers

A

July 3, 1940

74
Q

Day the battle of Britain begins where Germans directly attack Britain

A

July 10, 1940

75
Q

Britain’s advantages during Battle of Britain

A

-Strong naval fleet
-Anti aircraft artillery on the ground
-Can land in their home country
-Prepared with blackouts
-Use of radar

76
Q

Began when the battle of Britain ended in September 1940 where British cities were being bombed

A

Blitz

77
Q

Difference in quality of aircraft

A

Germans had faster and better rate of climb
Brits are maneuverable and better armed

78
Q

Date of the largest air battle of the Battle of Britain

A

August 15, 1940

79
Q

Target of German air force during Battle of Britain

A

Port of London (masses of shipping and largest city in the world)

80
Q

Date where Luftwaffe made its greatest concentrated effort in a resumed daylight attack in London, beginning the Blitz

A

September 15, 1940

81
Q

Monuments to those who fought and died in battle of Britain

A

Croydon, Kent, and Central London

82
Q

Dr. Andrew Gordon argument for Battle of Britain

A

the Royal Navy saved Britain in 1940 and that Germans stayed away because of it

83
Q

the outer crust of defense in Britain where the average age was 35 and half the men served in WW1; delayed the German troops

A

Home Guard

84
Q

a popular idea that can become fact and supports a sense of National identity and unity of the community

A

myth

85
Q

what can be said in defense of the appeasement from Munich?

A

Chamberlain brought Britain time to close up and be protected

86
Q

Who does Churchill credit for the success of Battle of Britain?

A

the RAF

87
Q

Why is Blitz the last British myth of WW2?

A

it is the last time the Brits are alone and in control on their home land

88
Q

Phrase that was not used during the war or went to publication, but was a summary of the “Blitz Spirit”

A

“Keep Calm and Carry On”

89
Q

Goal of Blitz on the German end

A

to bomb industrial sites

90
Q

How long was Blitz?

A

September 1940-November 1941

91
Q

How many people were estimated to die in the first week of WW2 due to the events of Guernica in the Spanish Civil War?

A

120,000 people

92
Q

How Britain prepared for potential WW2 bomb attacks

A

-Drills
-Evacuated children
-Gas masks for everyone
-Built bomb shelters

93
Q

Metal bomb shelters that were built in Brit’s backyards

A

Anderson Bomb Shelters

94
Q

made in 1940 by the British government and was distributed in the US by MGM

A

“London Can Take It”

95
Q

Class had cellars or basement for shelter as well as Anderson Shelters

A

Middle class home holders

96
Q

Class evacuated to the country or stayed in hotels and lodgings with friends for shelter

A

Better off citizens

97
Q

class crowded in shelters where they could; for example under bridges, in tunnels, warehouse basements, caves

A

Lower class

98
Q

unreliable shelters

A

trench and brick shelters

99
Q

Overall reasons for high number of dead and injured civilians

A

-accurate and high concentration of German bombing
-poor level of shelter provision in populated areas
-poor level of shelter discipline

100
Q

Recent event people used Blitz Spirit to parallel with the events of WW2

A

July 7th, 2005 Bombings

101
Q

2 myths of bombing war in Blitz

A

-German bombing was intentionally terroristic by targeting civilians
-RAF bombers only hit military targets and not civilians

British History (2 decks)

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