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British History > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

secret services founded in 1909 that were led by upper classmen

A

Secret Intelligence Service (MI5) and Security Service (MI6)

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2
Q

upper class elders that ran the security services

A

petrition

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3
Q

a MI5 success in 1924 that cost the labor party the election, as they were framed as communists

A

Zinoviev Letter

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4
Q

Occurred in 1940 where the MI6 get a call from German soldiers who want to overthrow Hitler; they went to Germany were captured and revealed every single MI6 agent’s identity

A

Venlo Incident

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5
Q

An intelligence agency created by Churchill and his war cabinet in 1940 to “Set Europe Ablaze”
Led by Sir Frank Nelson
Did not shun publicity
Had more than 9,000 agents in enemy occupied territory
Operated on a global basis
Was disbanded in 1946

A

Special Operations Executive (SOE)

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6
Q

SOE was made up of

A

working class, foreign people, police officers, etc.

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7
Q

Year the first James Bond novel “Casino Royale” is released

A

1953

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8
Q

Britain’s Royal Genre

A

James Bond movies

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9
Q

Soviet Union spy who gave information to the Soviet Union from Britain

A

Kim Philby

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10
Q

Nazi party security service

A

Sicherheitsdienst (SD)

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11
Q

first woman to work as a special agent for Britain

A

Krystyna Skarbek/Christine Granville

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12
Q

Misconceptions of Ultra

A

It didn’t decide the outcome of the war (Germany would have been defeated eventually)

It made only a marginal contribution (it did shorten the war)

Allies would have prevailed in the rate of shipbuilding (but allies knew from ultra)

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13
Q

formed by the EH group in August 1941 to diminish enemy morale and resistance by various forms of propaganda

A

political warfare executive

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14
Q

SOE facility sections

A

wireless, finance, tailoring, training

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15
Q

What was a major cause of all the disasters that occurred in WW2?

A

Britain has a lot of territory and commits to combat zones but not offer supplies to help achieve victory in the areas

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16
Q

Country used Germany’s war for it’s gain and invaded Greece in 1940 (and failed) and struggles in North Africa and is eventually overwhelmed by British troops

A

Italy

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17
Q

War that Britain won and displayed a new era of war with machines and petroleum; was also known as the war of the desert

A

War in North Africa

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18
Q

nickname for British soldiers fighting in the North African deserts

A

The Desert Rats

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19
Q

second most popular British WW2 celebrity who recognized Brits can be resupplied quicker than Germans; approached it with attrition

A

Bernard Montgomery

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20
Q

The First British victory in 1942 against the Germans, which Churchill claimed was the end of the beginning

A

Battle of El Alamein

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21
Q

considered the good Germans

A

West Germans

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22
Q

considered the bad Germans

A

East Germans

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23
Q

trials for people who committed war crimes that was on national TV; majority was Nazis who claimed they were following orders, those guilty were executed

A

Nuremburg Trials

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24
Q

signed in 1929 claiming how POWs were to be treated

A

Geneova Convention

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25
Q

genre Britain tends to portray British POW films in German camps

A

school literature (a bunch of misfits up to no good)

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26
Q

first film about the Holocaust released in 1976, 30 years after the end of WW2, that was watered down

A

The Holocaust

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27
Q

POW facility in Berlin where POWs built an airplane they were planning to fly out of the castle when the war was over

A

Colditz Castle

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28
Q

Why Japan attacked both the US and Britain in 1941

A

to access international resources and take down strong naval powers

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29
Q

Occurred in February 1942 that was the end of the British empire in Asia (worst day for Britain); where 150,000 commonwealth troops surrender in one day due to not having naval support

A

Fall of Singapore

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30
Q

Occurred May 1943; mission was to destroy dams and cut off Germany’s ability to provide ammunitions and destroy hydro electric power

A

Dam Buster Mission

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31
Q

term starts in 1940 describing a strong and important diplomatic relationship; ex. Churchill and FDR & Thatcher and Reagan

A

Special Relationship

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32
Q

Event where Britain found different places to land in France in August 1942, but cannot grasp gradual attack. The have Canadian commandos come to help and over 4% die

A

Dep Invasion

33
Q

beginning of North African campaign in 1942, first time the US and Britain worked together on an invasion plan; by this time Churchill and FDR have developed a close relationship

A

Operation Torch

34
Q

Signed by Churchill and FDR in August 1941 that agreed to their countries not seeking territorial reign, have no territorial changes, respect the right of all people to choose their form of government

A

The Atlantic Charter

35
Q

Occurred in June 6, 1944 where 5 Normandy beaches were invaded and about 150,000 men landed, majority being British; boosted moral for Britain, gave them heroic story and a patriotic sense

A

D-Day

36
Q

military alliance formed in 1949 by allied nations that won the war together

A

NATO

37
Q

Film made in 1956 that is the first indication that popular British culture is interested in D-Day

A

D-Day The Sixth of June

38
Q

Film made in 1959 that gives credit to the British for how long they’ve been in the war and displays them as efficient

A

The Longest Day

39
Q

film made in 2015 that portrayed people celebrating the people’s war and has the queen relating to the masses and simple life

A

A Royal Night Out

40
Q

community eating centers the government set up where people can go eat; opens 2,000 restaurants

A

British Restaurants

41
Q

published in 1942; is a government document that lays out what British policy should look like in the future based on social services and the work needed to maintain national employment

A

Beveridge Report

41
Q

becomes the new Prime Minister for the labor party during the 1945 election (did not expect to win)

A

Clement Attlee

41
Q

government owned housing state accommodation

A

council estate

42
Q

provided modern housing to low income families

A

socialist plan

43
Q

the end of the war in May 1945 (unless you had family members in Asia)

A

VE Day

44
Q

Date when Japan finally surrendered

A

September 8, 1945

45
Q

Why did people wait until the war ended to rebuild?

A

-they didn’t want to waster raw materials and funds
-construction workers were in the war
-it would probably be blown up again

46
Q

challenges the labor party faced after winning the election

A

rebuilding
rationing
maintain world position (taking care of Germany)
social services (funding)
demobilization
debt

47
Q

ended in September 1945 leaving Britain in a “financial Dunkirk”; was lended materials (food) and equipment from the US to Britain

A

Lend Lease

48
Q

In _____ the US loaned Britain 2 billion dollars (which was repaid in 2007)

A

1946

49
Q

award given to citizens during the Blitz, underscoring WWII being the people’s war

A

George Cross

50
Q

biggest challenge Attlee faced after the war

A

the Empire’s world position

51
Q

passed in 1948 that says if you were a Commonwealth state citizen living in Britain, then you had equal standing with British citizens; this led to huge immigration to Britain and 20% of British citizens being colored

A

British Nationality Act

52
Q

small houses made temporarily during reconstruction; many were destroyed in 1960

A

prefab

53
Q

from 1942-1979, there is very little difference between conservative and labor policies

A

post war consensus

54
Q

occurs in 1973 when there is an oil shortage, revealing the catastrophic condition of British economy

A

Opec oil embargo

55
Q

First American statues in Great Britain

A

Abraham Lincoln (1920) and George Washington (1921)

56
Q

First statue to go up after WWII

A

FDR

57
Q

Year Churchill’s statue came up in London while he was still alive

A

1955

58
Q

Statue that came up in 1988 and is not in London

A

Clement Attlee

59
Q

Statue that is frequently vandalized due to being in charge of ordering bombings on Germany

A

Arthur Harris

60
Q

How monuments are paid for

A

public subscription

61
Q

biggest and most well known museum in Britain that opened in 1917 during a low point in WWI in the Crystal palace before moving to Bethlem Hospital in 1936

A

Imperial War Museum

62
Q

made in 1960 in the center of historic London that signifies soldiers, not the people’s war

A

National Army Museum

63
Q

the famed Dambusters raid that took place in 1943 with the goal of bombing 3 German dams to deprive Ruhr industry and the Mittelland canal of water

A

Operation Chastise

64
Q

year the British television industry began

A

1930

65
Q

becomes Prime Minister in 1979; rolls back the Welfare State created by the Labor Party in 1945

A

Margaret Thatcher

66
Q

when both parties in the UK were on the same page and wanted the National Health Service, state controlled housing and broadcasting to remain as the social fabric of Britain

A

Welfare State

67
Q

the only channel on British television in the early 1900s with no advertising (paid for by Labor party)

A

BBC, British Broadcasting Corporation

68
Q

second channel in British TV created in 1955 that existed to allow local TV programming to develop, had commercials unlike BBC

A

ITV

69
Q

One of the first dramatic TV programs in 1957 that taps into the prison war genre

A

Escape

70
Q

third channel created in 1964

A

BBC 2

71
Q

year inflation and unemployment reach post-war height

A

1975

72
Q

series of film and TV programs revolving around the question, “What if the Germans won?”

A

SSGB

73
Q

British conservative ideology named after Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher that relates to not just her political platform and particular policies but also her personal character and style of management while in office

A

Thatcherism

74
Q

occurred in 1956 when Britain invaded Egypt after the President nationalized the the Suez Canal and disrupted Britain’s international order

A

Suez crisis

75
Q

a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic

A

Falklands War

76
Q

code name for the decrypted messages of the German, Italian and Japanese armed forces during World War II.

A

ultra

77
Q

occurred in 1941 that prompted the SOE to eventually have an ally landing on the continent

A

Germany invading Russia

British History (2 decks)

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