Final Exam Review Flashcards
secret services founded in 1909 that were led by upper classmen
Secret Intelligence Service (MI5) and Security Service (MI6)
upper class elders that ran the security services
petrition
a MI5 success in 1924 that cost the labor party the election, as they were framed as communists
Zinoviev Letter
Occurred in 1940 where the MI6 get a call from German soldiers who want to overthrow Hitler; they went to Germany were captured and revealed every single MI6 agent’s identity
Venlo Incident
An intelligence agency created by Churchill and his war cabinet in 1940 to “Set Europe Ablaze”
Led by Sir Frank Nelson
Did not shun publicity
Had more than 9,000 agents in enemy occupied territory
Operated on a global basis
Was disbanded in 1946
Special Operations Executive (SOE)
SOE was made up of
working class, foreign people, police officers, etc.
Year the first James Bond novel “Casino Royale” is released
1953
Britain’s Royal Genre
James Bond movies
Soviet Union spy who gave information to the Soviet Union from Britain
Kim Philby
Nazi party security service
Sicherheitsdienst (SD)
first woman to work as a special agent for Britain
Krystyna Skarbek/Christine Granville
Misconceptions of Ultra
It didn’t decide the outcome of the war (Germany would have been defeated eventually)
It made only a marginal contribution (it did shorten the war)
Allies would have prevailed in the rate of shipbuilding (but allies knew from ultra)
formed by the EH group in August 1941 to diminish enemy morale and resistance by various forms of propaganda
political warfare executive
SOE facility sections
wireless, finance, tailoring, training
What was a major cause of all the disasters that occurred in WW2?
Britain has a lot of territory and commits to combat zones but not offer supplies to help achieve victory in the areas
Country used Germany’s war for it’s gain and invaded Greece in 1940 (and failed) and struggles in North Africa and is eventually overwhelmed by British troops
Italy
War that Britain won and displayed a new era of war with machines and petroleum; was also known as the war of the desert
War in North Africa
nickname for British soldiers fighting in the North African deserts
The Desert Rats
second most popular British WW2 celebrity who recognized Brits can be resupplied quicker than Germans; approached it with attrition
Bernard Montgomery
The First British victory in 1942 against the Germans, which Churchill claimed was the end of the beginning
Battle of El Alamein
considered the good Germans
West Germans
considered the bad Germans
East Germans
trials for people who committed war crimes that was on national TV; majority was Nazis who claimed they were following orders, those guilty were executed
Nuremburg Trials
signed in 1929 claiming how POWs were to be treated
Geneova Convention
genre Britain tends to portray British POW films in German camps
school literature (a bunch of misfits up to no good)
first film about the Holocaust released in 1976, 30 years after the end of WW2, that was watered down
The Holocaust
POW facility in Berlin where POWs built an airplane they were planning to fly out of the castle when the war was over
Colditz Castle
Why Japan attacked both the US and Britain in 1941
to access international resources and take down strong naval powers
Occurred in February 1942 that was the end of the British empire in Asia (worst day for Britain); where 150,000 commonwealth troops surrender in one day due to not having naval support
Fall of Singapore
Occurred May 1943; mission was to destroy dams and cut off Germany’s ability to provide ammunitions and destroy hydro electric power
Dam Buster Mission
term starts in 1940 describing a strong and important diplomatic relationship; ex. Churchill and FDR & Thatcher and Reagan
Special Relationship
Event where Britain found different places to land in France in August 1942, but cannot grasp gradual attack. The have Canadian commandos come to help and over 4% die
Dep Invasion
beginning of North African campaign in 1942, first time the US and Britain worked together on an invasion plan; by this time Churchill and FDR have developed a close relationship
Operation Torch
Signed by Churchill and FDR in August 1941 that agreed to their countries not seeking territorial reign, have no territorial changes, respect the right of all people to choose their form of government
The Atlantic Charter
Occurred in June 6, 1944 where 5 Normandy beaches were invaded and about 150,000 men landed, majority being British; boosted moral for Britain, gave them heroic story and a patriotic sense
D-Day
military alliance formed in 1949 by allied nations that won the war together
NATO
Film made in 1956 that is the first indication that popular British culture is interested in D-Day
D-Day The Sixth of June
Film made in 1959 that gives credit to the British for how long they’ve been in the war and displays them as efficient
The Longest Day
film made in 2015 that portrayed people celebrating the people’s war and has the queen relating to the masses and simple life
A Royal Night Out
community eating centers the government set up where people can go eat; opens 2,000 restaurants
British Restaurants
published in 1942; is a government document that lays out what British policy should look like in the future based on social services and the work needed to maintain national employment
Beveridge Report
becomes the new Prime Minister for the labor party during the 1945 election (did not expect to win)
Clement Attlee
government owned housing state accommodation
council estate
provided modern housing to low income families
socialist plan
the end of the war in May 1945 (unless you had family members in Asia)
VE Day
Date when Japan finally surrendered
September 8, 1945
Why did people wait until the war ended to rebuild?
-they didn’t want to waster raw materials and funds
-construction workers were in the war
-it would probably be blown up again
challenges the labor party faced after winning the election
rebuilding
rationing
maintain world position (taking care of Germany)
social services (funding)
demobilization
debt
ended in September 1945 leaving Britain in a “financial Dunkirk”; was lended materials (food) and equipment from the US to Britain
Lend Lease
In _____ the US loaned Britain 2 billion dollars (which was repaid in 2007)
1946
award given to citizens during the Blitz, underscoring WWII being the people’s war
George Cross
biggest challenge Attlee faced after the war
the Empire’s world position
passed in 1948 that says if you were a Commonwealth state citizen living in Britain, then you had equal standing with British citizens; this led to huge immigration to Britain and 20% of British citizens being colored
British Nationality Act
small houses made temporarily during reconstruction; many were destroyed in 1960
prefab
from 1942-1979, there is very little difference between conservative and labor policies
post war consensus
occurs in 1973 when there is an oil shortage, revealing the catastrophic condition of British economy
Opec oil embargo
First American statues in Great Britain
Abraham Lincoln (1920) and George Washington (1921)
First statue to go up after WWII
FDR
Year Churchill’s statue came up in London while he was still alive
1955
Statue that came up in 1988 and is not in London
Clement Attlee
Statue that is frequently vandalized due to being in charge of ordering bombings on Germany
Arthur Harris
How monuments are paid for
public subscription
biggest and most well known museum in Britain that opened in 1917 during a low point in WWI in the Crystal palace before moving to Bethlem Hospital in 1936
Imperial War Museum
made in 1960 in the center of historic London that signifies soldiers, not the people’s war
National Army Museum
the famed Dambusters raid that took place in 1943 with the goal of bombing 3 German dams to deprive Ruhr industry and the Mittelland canal of water
Operation Chastise
year the British television industry began
1930
becomes Prime Minister in 1979; rolls back the Welfare State created by the Labor Party in 1945
Margaret Thatcher
when both parties in the UK were on the same page and wanted the National Health Service, state controlled housing and broadcasting to remain as the social fabric of Britain
Welfare State
the only channel on British television in the early 1900s with no advertising (paid for by Labor party)
BBC, British Broadcasting Corporation
second channel in British TV created in 1955 that existed to allow local TV programming to develop, had commercials unlike BBC
ITV
One of the first dramatic TV programs in 1957 that taps into the prison war genre
Escape
third channel created in 1964
BBC 2
year inflation and unemployment reach post-war height
1975
series of film and TV programs revolving around the question, “What if the Germans won?”
SSGB
British conservative ideology named after Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher that relates to not just her political platform and particular policies but also her personal character and style of management while in office
Thatcherism
occurred in 1956 when Britain invaded Egypt after the President nationalized the the Suez Canal and disrupted Britain’s international order
Suez crisis
a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic
Falklands War
code name for the decrypted messages of the German, Italian and Japanese armed forces during World War II.
ultra
occurred in 1941 that prompted the SOE to eventually have an ally landing on the continent
Germany invading Russia
