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Midterm Review Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

French and Indian War

A

Territorial disputes between the French and British over land in the Americas. Ignited a larger conflict between them called the Seven Years War.

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2
Q

Stamp Act

A

Tax on the American people goods such as paper and stamps.

Agitated the colonialists due to the lack of representation in parliament

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3
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

British response to the Boston Tea Party. Closed the Boston Harbor,Removed the massachusetts charter, banned town meetings.

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4
Q

First Continental Congress

A

Caused by the coercive acts put in place by parliament. 12 colonies came together in philadelphia to demand the repeal of the coercive acts

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5
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Delegates from all 13 colonies met and agreed to create a continental army to fight for their freedom from parliament

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6
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

On July 4th 1776, following the withdrawal of Loyalists and moderates from congress, Patriots passed the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson.

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7
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Passed (1777), Ratified (1781, due to territorial disputes). The colonies first attempt at government. Created a small central government only allowed to regulate trade, war, peace, and alliances while the rest of government responsibility rested on the states

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8
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

Due to the Massachusetts government not being able to redeem bonds, merchants and landowners force the government to raise taxes fivefold. Citizens start a rebellion led by Captain Daniel Shays. The rebellion fails but highlights the need for a strong central government.

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9
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Napoleon sells French Louisiana territory to the United States for 15 million, Thomas Jefferson is forced to adopt a loose interpretation of the constitution to accept the purchase. Lewis and Clark and sent out by Jefferson to explore the territory.

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10
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A period of rapid technological, economic, and population growth. Work becomes mechanized and urban populations grow.

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11
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

(1790-1840) A period of protestant religious reform which led to the creation of new Christian denominations and set the stage for social reform.

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12
Q

Labor Unions

A

Where workers unite in order to provide more leverage against employers to improve wages, working conditions, etc.

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13
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

United States foreign policy where any further colonization of America by European powers is treated as a direct threat towards the United States

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14
Q

War of 1812

A

British assisting Indian Aggression and seizing American Ships pushed the country into the war of 1812. The war resulted in white peace and the burning of the White House.

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15
Q

Spoils System

A

When a person is elected to a position of power he appoints all his friends and supporters into political positions and

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16
Q

Trail of Tears

A

In accordance with the Indian Removal Act, General Winfield Scott was ordered by Martin Van Buren to march the remaining 15000 Cherokee Indians onto their reservation 1200 miles away.

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17
Q

Temperance

A

movement against the consumption of alcohol and even its complete prohibition.

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18
Q

Abolitionist Movement

A

Movement to Abolish Slavery

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19
Q

Suffrage

A

The Right to vote

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20
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

The belief by Americans that the United States was destined to control all the land from the Pacific to the Atlantic in North America

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21
Q

Missouri compromise

A

Allowed Missouri to become a slave state but created a line along the 36th parallel where there could be no slave states north of that line.

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22
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Included the ratification of the Fugitive Slave Act, The admission of California as a free state, abolished the slave trade, and created the territories of New Mexico and Utah under popular sovereignty (Popular sovereignty = voters decide whether slave or free).

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23
Q

Kansas- Nebraska Act

A

Created the territories of Kansas or Nebraska under popular sovereignty, repealed the Missouri compromise.

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24
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

The ruling over the Dred Scott V. Sandford court case by Roger B Taney that the restriction of Slavery was unconstitutional and that slaves were not citizens, therefore, could not sue in Federal Court

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25
Q

Election of 1860

A

The Democrats were split between secessionists (fire eaters) and Moderates (Just want to defend slavery). Democrat Candidate

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26
Q

Secession

A

where a State leaves the Union

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27
Q

the Union

A

The legitimate United States led by Lincoln in the North. Many resources for war, bad generals.

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28
Q

Confederacy

A

The Confederacy of Rebel States that succeeded from the United States to protect Slavery. Low resources for war, great generals.

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29
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

The political doctrine where citizens of States decide whether their state is a free state or a slave state

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30
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

The first Major Battle of the Civil war where Lincoln hoped to take Richmond (Confederate Capital) and end the war. The Union army was defeated and forced to retreat.

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31
Q

Assimilation

A

Process of a stronger culture taking a weaker one and converting it.

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32
Q

Reservation

A

Land reserved for native american populations

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33
Q

Plains Indians

A

Indians who lived in the great plains

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34
Q

Great Plains

A

Large flat area West of the andes mountains, Breeding place for hurricanes, tornados. Also had fertile soil so many farmers were incentivized to migrate there

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35
Q

Homestead Act

A

Government Provided 160 Acres of Western Land to anyone who agreed to farm and develop it.

36
Q

compromise of 1877

A

Agreement between Democrats and Republicans to not block Hayes slightly illegitimate election in exchange for the withdrawal of the remaining Union soldiers Garrisoned in the south.

37
Q

Scalawag

A

White Southerners who voted Republican.

38
Q

Carpetbagger

A

Northerners who migrated to the war torn South for Economic Opportunities

39
Q

Tenant Farming

A

Tenant farmers paid to use the land and owned all the equipment they used.

40
Q

sharecropping

A

System where a landowner/Planter allows a tenant to farm their land in exchange for a share of the crop. These tenant farmers did not own any of the equipment and had no legal claim to the crop.

41
Q

Black Codes

A

Passed by Southern State legislators, which forced blacks to accept contracts to work on plantations, separating black families.

42
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

The first government welfare program designed to aid displaced blacks and refugees from the civil war.

43
Q

Johnson’s Impeachment

A

Johnson’s retaliation against reconstruction culminated in suspending Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton causing the House of Representatives to introduce articles of Impeachment against Johnson.

44
Q

Radical Republicans plan

A

Divided the Conquered South into 5 Military districts, Former Slaves must be allowed to vote, Ex-Confederate leaders were disenfranchised (could not vote)

45
Q

Johnson’s Plan

A

Makes Southern states pass the 13th Amendment to rejoin the Union but allows them to pass the Black Codes and allies himself with the South.

46
Q

Lincoln’s plan

A

Proposed the Ten percent Plan: To rejoin the union Southern states must accept the 13th amendment, and 10% of voters must pledge loyalty to the Union.

47
Q

Radical Republicans

A

Republicans who pushed for civil rights and supervision over the South.

48
Q

Reconstruction

A

The period after the Civil war where Civil rights amendments were passed and the Country recovered from the Civil War.

49
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

Lincoln Vice President that took over after Lincoln was assassinated. Obstructed reconstruction, allowed ex confederates to regain political positions. Impeached but not removed from office.

50
Q

15th Amendment

A

Prevented states from preventing one to vote on the basis of Race, Color, or previous condition of servitude.

51
Q

14th Amendment

A

: No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

52
Q

13th Amendment

A

Declared Slavery illegal across the entire United States

53
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A

The place where peace was signed between Grant and Lee. After this point the war was pretty much over.

54
Q

William Sherman

A

Grant’s Buddy, Continued the fight in the West when Grant was moved Eastward. Took Atlanta before leading a destructive march across Georgia to the sea.

55
Q

Vicksburg

A

Battle in the West won by Ulysses S. Grant that cemented Union control over the Mississippi river. Splitting the confederacy in half.

56
Q

Gettysburg Address

A

Famous Speech by Abraham Lincoln, thought by him to be long forgotten, He honored the troops and expressed the need for a unified nation in his speech.

57
Q

Gettysburg

A

Battle in Pennsylvania to stop the Confederacy from getting to Washington. Union General = George Meade. Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Lee lost and was forced to take a long march back to virginia.

58
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln that all slaves held in Confederate Land were free once occupied by Union forces. Convinced European Powers to stay out of the civil war.

59
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Best Confederate general, won a stalemate in the East and consistently won battles with significantly less equipment and manpower.

60
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Best Union General, Showed significant success in the West before being moved to the East to face Lee. Wasn’t afraid to throw his men at the enemy.

61
Q

Dawes Act

A

1887 Act that dissolved Indian Reservations and forced Indians onto individual landholdings.

62
Q

Social Darwinism

A

The idea that more dominant cultures are superior to smaller cultures by natural selection. Darwin’s theories on evolution applied to cultures.

63
Q

Robber Barons

A

successful industrialists who were seen as ruthless or unethical.

64
Q

Captains Of Industry

A

Successful industrialists who were seen as leading figures in industrialization

65
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

First Antitrust act that outlawed monopolistic practices. Was not properly enforced.

66
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States, dominant leader in the African-American Community. Lived 1856-1915

67
Q

Du Bois

A

American sociologist, socialist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist. Lived 1868-1963

68
Q

NAACP

A

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Often responsible for the organization of Civil Rights protests.

69
Q

Literacy Test

A

Southern States required literacy tests in order to vote, preventing blacks from voting.

70
Q

Poll Tax

A

Southern states required voters to pay to vote, preventing the blacks from voting

71
Q

Grandfather Clause

A

Southern States passed laws that required your grandfather had the right to vote in order for you to be able to vote. Eventually shot down by congress.

72
Q

Segregation

A

Keeping services for blacks and whites separate.

73
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

A series of laws passed by each Southern State that

74
Q

Plessy V Ferguson

A

Supreme Court rules that as long as services and rights are equal they can be separate. Segregation is legal.

75
Q

Urban Machinery

A

City governments structured like criminal organizations that were rife with corruption and embezzlement.

76
Q

Tammany Hall

A

Democrat Urban Machine in New York run by William Meager Tweed

77
Q

Progressive

A

advocating for social reform or new liberal ideas like the regulation of business, temperance, women’s suffrage, environmental protection, etc.

78
Q

Suffrage

A

right to vote.

79
Q

The Jungle

A

written by Upton Sinclair, highlighted the unsanitary and poor working conditions of the meat packing industry. Lead to the institution of the FDA.

80
Q

Teddy Roosevelt

A

Major progressive Republican who kickstarted the progressive era. Took the presidency after Mckinley’s death in 1901 and was extremely popular after serving his two terms from 1901-1909

81
Q

William Taft

A

Endorsed by Roosevelt as his replacement. Not as progressive as Roosevelt. Roosevelt tried to replace him after he served his first term from 1909-1913

82
Q

Bull Moose Party

A

When Roosevelt was denied the republican candidacy he created his own party, the Progressive party aka Bull-moose Party.

83
Q

Election of 1912

A

With the Republicans split between Roosevelt and Taft the Democrats as the unified party with candidate Woodrow Wilson, won the election.

84
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Won the 1912 Election

85
Q

16th Amendment

A

Allowed Government to enforce income tax

86
Q

17th Amendment

A

Gave voters the right to elect state senators

87
Q
A

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