Midterm Review Flashcards by Andrew R

What is the difference between 64bit and 32bit

Handles different amount of processes 32 bit processes 4 GB or 64 GB
64 bit processes 16 GB - 192 GB

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Boot sequence and POST and BIOS

POST - initializes hardware & finds an OS to load

BootMGR loaded and accesses the boot config data store to display boot menu or boot volume
WinLoad - is the OS bootloader that loads the rest of the OS
NTOSKERNL.EXE - Main part of windows → system services, processes and memory management
Boot-class device drivers - implement number of functions that are used in different hardware platforms

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What is Windows diagnostic tools

Fdisk and Format (formatting tools)
Chkdsk and Scandisk (disk checking tools)
Defrag (disk defragmentation)
Sigverif.exe

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How to upgrade operating system, types of upgrades

Verify that the current computer will support windows 7
Update your anti-virus program, run it, and then disable it
Back up your files you fools
Connect to the internet

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Viewer Event (why and how)

Event Viewer stores information about Critical Events and Warnings

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What is MMC stand for?

Microsoft Management Console

Most Administrative Tools are are MMC

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Outline Troubleshooting Methodology

Discover the Problem
Evaluate system configuration
List or track possible solutions
Execute a plan
Check results
Take a proactive approach

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What is Registry and it’s functions

Central, secure database in which Windows stores all hardware configuration information, software configuration information, and system security policies

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What are the Components of registry (machine, users)

Windows Kernel
Device Drivers
Setup programs
Hardware profiles
User Profiles

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What is RDP stand for?

Remote Desktop Protocol

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What is AD stand for

Active Directory

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What is RDC stand for?

Remote Desktop Connection

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What is DC stand for?

Domain Controller

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What is a active directory?

AD domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a type network

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What is Domain Controller?

is a server that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.)

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What is Class A?

0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 /8

What is Class B?

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255./16

What is Class C?

192.0.0.0 - 233.255.255.255 / 24

What are the private class IP address?

0.0.0 -10.255.255.255 /8
16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 /16
168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 /24
254.255.255 - 169.254.255.255 /16

What is the Difference between 
NAT, 
APIPA, 
MAC address, 
DNS, 
DHCP

Network Address Translation
Automatic Private IP Addressing
Media Access Control:
Domain Name Server:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

What does Computer Management Console do?

One of the primary tools to manage a computer running Windows 7 and includes the most commonly used MMC snap-ins

What is Network and Sharing Center?

provides real-time status information about your network

What is ipconfig for, and switches?

Displaying IP configuration on a Windows host
/all - Displays all information

/flushdns - Flushes the DNS cache on local machine

/displaydns - Displays contents of DNS cache on local machine

/registerdns - Initiates manual dynamic registration for DNS names and IP addresses

/release - Releases DHCP/APIPA address

/renew - Requests a new dynamic IP address

What does Using ping and nslookup command do?

Ping command verifies IP level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending ICMP echo request messages

NS Lookup output the IP address of the host and server name displays an authoritative answer

Difference between authorization and authentication

Authentication - is the process of identifying an individually usually based on a username and password Authorization - is the process of giving individual access to system objects based on their identity

Difference between permissions and user rights

Permission - ability to grant permissions to such things as files, folders, printers, hard drives and many other devices including other computers User Rights - As an Administrator you can determine which user has the right to access those devices

What are Group Policies?

Controls the working environment for user accounts and computer accounts.

What is DNS?

``` Domain Name System Replaces WINS (WINS replaced HOSTS file Is a hierarchical client/server-based distributed database management system that translate domain/host names to an IP address ```

What is WINS?

Windows Internet Name Service translates from NetBIOS to specify network resource. DNS replaced WINS. Used NETBIOS

What is IRQs, DMAs, I/O addresses

IRQ: Interrupt Requests interrupt the CPU, 16 IRQs 0-15, 2 and 9 are cascaded, 2 is unusable. 0 is sys clock. DMA: 8 DMA channels (0-7) Direct Memory Access device accesses memory by bypassing CPU (Faster) Input/Output addresses

What are two types of NTFS permissions

Explicit Permissions: Permissions granted directly to the file or folder. Inherited Permissions: Permissions that are granted to a folder that flow to child objects

What are 6 types of permissions

1. Full Control 2. Modify 3. Read & Execute 4. List Folder Contents 5. Read 6. Write

Difference between user account and power user account

A power user is an administrator, and the other is a normal user.

What does Bootrec

Perform a manual repair use the BootRec command (bootrec.exe) Can repair the MBR or the volume boot sector

What is Schema?

Defines the format of each object and the attribute or fields within each other ex. user accounts has first and last names

What is Organization units (OU)

Help organize objects within a domain and minimize the number of domains

Difference between NTFS vs FAT32

FAT32 can only store files up to 4GB