Midterm Review Flashcards
Flashcards for midterm. Currently not complete. Some terms are included multiple times, both as questions and answers.
Julius Welhausen
Biblical scholar, wanted to prove the Torah was written by “R” in 500 BCE in Babylon
Maximalist theory
Tries to prove and find truth in as much of the Torah as is possible
Minimalist theory
Believes the Torah is not true
Gezer calendar
Written by a student, agricultural calendar
What is a tel?
Artificial hill made of layers of destroyed civilizations
2 major civilizations in ancient near east
Egypt, Mesopotamia
Primary source
source of information that was created at the time under study
Secondary source
about an event or period of time, but was created later
Via Maris
trade route
Shard
Ancient piece of pottery
4 topographical areas of Israel- East to West
Afro-Syrian Rift, Central Mountain Range, Shfela, Coastal plain
Furthest east topographical area of Israel
Afro-Syrian rift
Furthest west topographical area of Israel
Coastal plain
4 Ds for a town in ancient near east
Defense
Dine (food)
Drink (water source)
Drive (trade routes)
Jericho
First city conquered by Israelites in Canaan
First city conquered by Israelites in Canaan
Jericho
Ruth
First convert, but illegal
First convert, but illegal
Ruth
Yehoshua
Took over from Moshe, conquered Jericho
Took over from Moshe, conquered Jericho
Yehoshua
Gilboa
Mountain overlooking ancient battleground
Mountain overlooking ancient battleground
Gilboa
Judges
Military leaders who helped free Jews
Military leaders who helped free Jews
Judges
Shaul
First king, tall and timid
First king, tall and timid
Shaul
Shmuel
First prophet, kids incompetent
First prophet, kids incompetent
Shmuel
First prophet
Shmuel
Shilo
First capital of Jews in Israel
First capital of Jews in Israel
Shilo
Yevus
Older name for Jerusalem
Who was descended from Tamar and her father-in-law
Boaz
Who married Hagar and Sarah?
Abraham
Who married Sarah?
Abraham
Who married Hagar?
Abraham
Who was the child of Hagar and Abraham?
Yishmael
Who were Yishmael’s parents?
Hagar and Abraham
Child of Abraham and Sarah, married Rivka
Yitzhak
Who did Abraham almost sacrifice?
Yitzhak (Isaac)
Who were the children of Yitzhak and Rivka?
Esav and Ya’kov (Esau and Jacob)
Who did Leah and Rahel marry?
Ya’kov (Jacob)
Who was Haran’s child?
Lot
Sanctuary built in the desert
Mishkan
What was the Mishkan?
Sanctuary built in the desert
What period had increasing assimilation and periodic conquest at the hands of other nations?
Judges
As the period of the Judges continued, the quality of the population and the judges got better or worse
worse
Hesed
kindness
Peah and Leket are:
Agricultural laws
Peah = not harvesting corners of fields
Leket = following behind harvester, picking up wheat dropped, they cannot pick up the wheat
Best judge, friend of Barak, female
D’vora
Gid’on
Night time commando, did not want to be king
Long haired judge
Shimshon
Son of prostitute gang leader judge
Yiftah (Jeftath)
Mida k’neged mida
What goes around comes around
Biblical period dates
1750 BCE-586 BCE
Who destroyed the 1st temple in 586 BCE?
Babylonians
When did the Babylonians destroy the 1st temple?
586 BCE
Which temple did the Babylonians destroy in 586 BCE?
First
What was Kenneth Kitchen trying to prove, and how was he trying to prove it?
Kitchen was trying to prove the Torah as a primary source by proving the truth of something that “R” in 500 BCE would not have known
Pshat
Simple meaning
Remez
hints
Drash
Interpertations
Sod
Secret meanings
Yetzer hatov
inclinations to do good
Yetzer hara
inclinations to do bad
Myth
stories about people or events, can be fact or fiction but are always true
Who is the father of Moav and Ben Ami?
Lot
Who married 2 Hittite women>
Esav
Whose name was changed to Yisrael?
Ya’kov
Korban
sacrifice
Yibom
If a woman is widowed and has no children, the brother of her dead husband is commanded to marry her
King who slayed Goliath
David
King who conquered Yerushalayim
David
What tribe was David from?
Yehuda
Who was David’s uncle?
Yoav
Who was Batsheva?
Uria’s wife, woman David saw bathing and got pregnant
Who was David’s prophet?
Nathan
Approximate year of Exodus
1250 BCE
Approximate time period of Judges
1200-1000 BCE
3 Regalim
Pesach, Shavout, Sukkot
The overwhelming power of which civilization served as the reason for the kings of Yisrael and Aram to create a confederation?
Ashur
Which civilization did not join the confederation with Aram and Yisrael?
Yehuda
King of Yehuda who had Yishayahu (Isaiah) as his prophet
Ahaz
How many “lost tribes” of North Israel are there- destroyed by Ashur in 721 BCE
10
What does the word Messiah mean?
Anointed
Christian and Jewish interpretations of Messiah
Christian- Non-human being who will defy the laws of nature
Jewish- real human leader
Where do the names of the months in the Jewish calendar come from?
Babylonian gods
Which prophet wrote the “dry bones” thing
Ezekiel
Who liberated the Jews in 538 BCE
Cyrus
When did Cyrus liberate the Jews?
538 BCE
Cyrus was king of —–
Persia
What was the war between the Hellenists and the Jews?
Maccabean revolt
Who did the sacrifices?
Cohenim
4 sects of Judaism in second temple period
Zealots, Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes
Sinat Chinam
Causeless hatred
Mikveh
Bath to become spiritually pure
4 gospels
Mark, Matthew, Luke, John
Synoptics
Mark, Matthew, Luke
