Final Review Flashcards
Flashcards for the Israel studies final. PLEASE tell me if anything here is incorrect.
1750 BCE (approximately) was the time of:
matriarchs and patriarchs
1000 BCE- United monarchy under
King David
721 BCE
Assyrians conquered the Northern tribes
What did the Northern tribes become after they were conquered by the Assyrians?
10 lost tribes
586 BCE
Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and Judah
When were the Jews allowed back into Jerusalem and Judah after being conquered by the Babylonians?
538
Who let the Jews back into Jerusalem and Judah?
Cyrus
Cyrus, king of —–
Persia
Who conquered the middle east (including Israel) in 322 BCE?
Alexander
When did the maccabean revolt start?
164 BCE
142 BCE
Yehuda is independent
70 BCE
Romans conquer Yehuda
Masada year
73 CE
131-135 CE
Bar Kochba revolt
style of fighting used by Bar Kochba and Maccabee fighters
guerilla warfare
200 CE: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi does what?
Publishes the mishnah
Who published the mishnah
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi
600 CE
Talmud is closed
1492 CE
Jews expelled from Spain
Kabbalah years
1500s
Chmielnitzki massacres
Against Jews in Poland and Ukraine, 1648-1651
1700
Start of Enlightenment period
What did the enlightenment do for Jews?
Natural rights of man includes Jews
Rise of Hasidism in Poland year
1750
Rise of Reform Judaism in Germany year
1800
1881 Pogroms in —- led to —-
Russia, 1st Aliya
1903-1905 —– Pogroms led to —-
Kishinev, 2nd Aliya
1916- what agreement between Britain and France
Sykes-Picot
1917- Statement of British support for national home for Jewish people in Palestine, called —–
Balfour Declaration
January 1942
Wannsee conference
Wannsee Conference
Nazis decide on final solution
June 1941
Germany attacks Russia
End of WWII year
1945
November 29, 1947
UNSCOP Plan accepted by UN
May 14, 1948
Israel independent
1960
Adolf Eichmann brought to Israel for trial
Adolf Eichmann
engineered final solution
3 regalim
pesach, shavuot, sukkot
sinat chinam
causeless hatred
Via Maris and Kings highway were:
trade routes through Yisrael, did not go through Yehuda
Hellenism
Polytheism, sex, love, beauty, sports, education, urban society, social, arts, fun
Herod
Roman king of Judea, beautified Jerusalem
Pharisees
Strict observance
Sadducees
Wealthy upper class, no oral law
Essenes
Remote, pure
Zealots
Wanted freedom, opposed Romans
Jesus lived during the —- period
Second temple
Exile vs Diaspora
People in exile want to be in Israel + feel like Israel is home, while people in the diaspora do not feel connected to Israel
1st Aliya
Jews had to learn farming, got money from Rothschild family
2nd Aliya
Young, passionate group, thought of themselves as pioneers
3 types of modern antisemitism
Volk theory, Conspiracy antisemitism, Social/Pseudo/Neo Darwinism
Volk theory antisemitism
Jews, especially assimilated Jews, are a threat to a country
Conspiracy antisemitism
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Jews control the world
Social/Pseudo/Neo Darwinism antisemitism
People evolved into superior and inferior forms, Aryans are superior, Jews are inferior
Treaty of Versailles impact on Germany
$32 billion in reparations, army reduced to 100,000 men w/out officer corps, Danzig corridor goes to Poland, Weimar republic formed, bad economy
Mein Kampf
“My Struggle”, written by Hitler while in jail, he saw himself on a crusade to free Europe from Jewish influence
Ribbentrop-Molotov pact
Nonagression pact between Germany and USSR
Nuremberg laws
Defined who is Jewish in Nazi Germany, and limited their rights, no intermarriage
Evian conference
Organized by FDR, Nazis trying to see who would take the Jews, learned that no one would, so they could exterminate
SS
Hitler’s private army, took oath to Hitler, not Germany
Heimrich Himmler
led SS
Operation Barbarossa
Nazis in Russia
Einsatzgruppen
SS execution squads, killed estimated 1.5 million Jews, dug their own graves in forests
Aliya Bet
Not second aliya, alternative, secret, trying to sneak past British blockade, just before Shoah
3 reasons for Arab riots
Jewish immigration, Jewish land purchases, political uncertainty
Ubermensch
Superman, Nietzsche’s idea, Nazis wanted to breed an ubermensch
Nazi operation to invade Russia
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa year
1941
Labor Zionist thinker
AD Gordon
The Irgun, Haganah, and Stern Gang (Lehi) were all —-
Underground military groups
Kastel
Hill on road to Jerusalem, convoys to Jerusalem were attacked from Kastel when it was under Arab control
Operation —- took the Kastel
Nachson
Operation Nachshon- what group fought?
Palmach
Who claims the right of return?
Palestinian refugees
What do the Arabs call the War of Independence?
Nakba (catastrophe)
Which Arab leader died in the War of Independence?
Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
Palestine is called Palestine- why?
Named Palestine around 135 CE by the Romans, after the Philistines who lived here
Which organization deals with non-Palestinian refugees and has done so since WWII?
HCR- Higher Committee On Refugees
Which organization deals with only Palestinian refugees?
UNRWA- UN Refugee Works Agency
Differences between rights Palestinian refugees and other refugees have
Palestinian refugees have right of return recognized, Palestinian refugees pass refugee status onto children, Palestinian refugees get the most funding out of all refugee groups
Sinai campaign year
1956
Land Day
commemoration for Arabs of land taken by Israeli government for emminent domain (to set up an army base) and then sold to Jews quickly after it was taken
What do Jews call the Independence War?
Tashach
Date Israel declared independence
May 14, 1948
Mickey Marcus
American Jew, made new way to Jerusalem
Altalena
Ship, IDF shot at Irgun, sinat chinam
3 stages to the end of a war
1- Ceasefire
2- Armistice
3- Peace Treaty
1949 End of war
Ceasefire and armistice, but no peace treaty
King Abdullah of Jordan is a/n (ethnic/cultural) Arab
Ethnic (from Arabia)
The people in Jordan are (ethnic/cultural) Arabs
Cultural
How does the Israeli left wing view the conflict with Palestinians?
Territorial, can be solved through land for peace
How does the Israeli right wing view the conflict with Palestinians?
Ideological, Palestinians will never accept a Jewish state
How many Jews were expelled from Arab lands in the years following the War of Independence (1948-1952)?
800,000-850,000
Ma’abarot
Refugee camps for the Jews expelled from Arab lands after War of Independence
The West Bank is the West Bank of what?
The Jordan river
Six day war year
1967
Six day war victor
Israel
Khartoum Resolution
Between Arab Nations, no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiation with Israel
1973 War other name (what Jewish holiday?)
Yom Kippur
2 political movements after 1973 war
Shalom Achshav, Gush Emunim
Shalom Achshav
wanted peace
Gush Emunim
Jews need to use the land they win
French Revolution year
1789
When did John Locke live?
1632-1704
First crusade year
1096
First Zionist Congress year
1897
First Zionist Congress location
Basle, Switzerland
Dreyfus trial year
1894
Kishinev pogroms year
1903
First wave of pogroms in Russia year
1881
Who financed the 1st aliya
Baron Edmund De Rothschild
Chaim Weizmann
German/British chemist/Zionist
Moses Mendelssohn
German enlightenment Jew
Hitler comes to power year
1933
WWI years
1914-1918
Start of British Mandate year
1920
Dreyfus trial
Antisemitic trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, convicted of treason, antisemitism in French society became clear
To save Jews, we have to establish a Jewish state thinker
Herzl
Jews move to Israel and bond and bring the messiah thinker
Rabbi Kook
A sick people will return to a sick land and cure both thinker
AD Gordon
A cultural center in Israel will stop assimilation thinker
Ahad Ha-Am
We must fight for a Jewish state to protect all Jews thinker
Jabotinski
Nuremberg laws go into effect year
1935
Evian conference year
1938
Year WWII started
1939
Wannsee conference year
1942
End of WWII year
1945
Major terms of British Mandate for Palestine
Maintain territorial unity of Palestine, fufill terms of Balfour declaration
McMahon Letter
Promised control of Middle East to Arabs
The Balfour declaration allowed for a —– homeland in Palestine
Jewish
Skyes-Picot Agreement
French and British will share the middle east
Before WWI, who governed Palestine?
Ottoman empire
Wannsee conference goal
Develop final solution
When did the West find out about the Shoah?
1942
2 revolutionary events of 1977
Anwar Sadat visited Jerusalem, Menachem Begin elected Prime Minister
Camp David Accords year
1979
First Intifada year
1988-1992
Islamic revolution in Iran year
1979
First Oslo Accords signed year
1993
Oslo II signed year
September 1995
2nd Intifada year
October 2000
Disengagement from Gaza year
Summer 2005
When did Israel withdraw from Lebanon?
May 2000
When was Rabin assassinated?
November 1995
Who did Israel conquer the Golan Heights from in the Six Day War?
Syria
Who did Israel conquer the West Bank from in the Six Day War?
Jordan
Who did Israel conquer Sinai and Gaza from in the Six Day War?
Egypt
Who are the Oslo Accords between?
Israel and PLO
Who are the Camp David Accords between?
Israel and Egypt
Mukawama
A war of attrition
Arab minority that serves in Israeli army
Druze
Current leader of Palestinian authority
Mahmoud Abbas
First Prime Minister of Israel
David Ben Gurion
Areas A
Complete Palestinian control
Areas B
PA civil control, Israeli security
Areas C
Full Israeli control
Shalom Achshav
Peace now
Gush Emunim
We need to use land we won
