Midterm Review Flashcards
which species of Vitis is most important in grape production
vinifera
what is phylloxera
Aphid like pest
chews roots
how did phylloxera effect the world
originated from NA
accidentally brought to Europe and destroyed many vinyards
many cultivars must be grafted now
why is vitas vinifera difficult to grow?
not cold hardy
needs specific climate
susceptible to phylloxera
purpose behind French hybrids
cold tolerant
disease tolerant
variety
phylloxera resistant
Cane
1 year old shoot
Shoot
Annual growth
can be off arm, cordon, cane, trunk
cordon
horozontal extension of trunk
source of new shoot
tendril
modified leaf
allows plant to climb
veraison
point of maturity, ripening, colour change
heat unit
measurement of heat accumulation within a climate
base unit 10
summer lateral
off of shoot, grows at s node, lateral
calyptra
cap on flower, made from flower petals
shatter stage
flowers that aren’t pollinated drop off
rootstock
uptake of nutrients, graph plant
bull wood
large diameter cane, not necessarily fruitful, high vigor
why are buds on grape vine “perfect”
multiple growing points, 3 components prim, sec, terch
when did the fruit buds of this years grape crop begin to develop
last season, July- June
average ideal annual temp range of a vineyard
10-20C
what can go wrong if avg daily temp falls
delayed maturity, winter injury, not long enough growth
T/F vitas labrusca was the main native NA species
F
T/F vinifera grapes have tendrils opposite every leaf
F
T/F French H grapes tend to be more cold tolerant
T
T/F secondary buds can be fruitful
T
T/F grapes usually have perfect flowers
T
T/F spur is the name of the 2nd trunk
F
cool climate district gen has less than 200HU
F
T/F the leafs suck
T
T/Fall the rain grapes are from labrusca
T
T/F generally, temp below -15 will kill vinifera
T
Characteristics of an ideal soil type
Sandy loam, deep, moisture, well aerated
why are highly fertile soils not suitable?
too much growth, shading, low spray penetration, late maturing, too vegetative
why are gentle slopes beneficial to have in a vineyard?
air drainage, if properly faced they can create a micro climate
micro climate of southerly slopes
warmer, early growth, sunlight exposure, longer growing season
micro climate of northerly slopes
cooler, late growing, shorter growing season
why are windbreaks bad
frost pockets
lake effect on grape growing
warmer winters, cooler summers, more precipitation
3 major reasons for rootstock use
phylloxera resistant, nematode resistant, soil
what is the minimum headland
9m
what would you consider when planting row direction
direction fields are already facing, slopes, preferably n-s, end posts are expensive so the less needed the better
why are mechanical grape plants laser guided
mechanical leaf/ harness removal, uniformity
Advantages to steel posts
notches, last longer, easier to put in
why are sturdy end posts important
so it won’t fall over, they are expensive so if you do it right once you won’t have to do it again (hopefully)
How deep can vine roots go?
3m or more
how steep is too steep
7d
Scion
fruiting portion grafted onto rootstock
420A
best on moist dry soils, can tolerate dry conditions, ripens fruit early, poor rooting.
Break Crop
deter pests, herbicide residue
Allyway
at least 8m wide
in row spacing
1.25-2.8
end post
slanted so they don’t move, expensive
spur prune
cane that has been tried, 2-3 buds
wire guage
12 thicker than 16
catch wire
safety wire
T/F soils with low fertility can produce better quality wines
T
