Exam Flashcards
3 Important developments of winemaking during 17th century
Corks/ Corkscrews, Glass Bottles, new styles of wine
Name new style of wine discovered at Hautivillers Abbey
Dom Perignon (Champagne)
How is Dom Perignon made
only pinot noir, prune vines to keep them low (less than 3ft), keep grapes intact at harvest, work in cool weather, don’t tread grapes, keep skins out
What impact did Dom Perignon have on wine cellar construction
needed to be cold so they wouldn’t explode.
4 important developments of 19th century
Napoleonic wars, champagne production in an assembly line, wines of the new world, phylloxera blight.
Impact of phylloxera blight
slowed development, French vines suffered, introduced from America, massive replanting,
3 wine making areas of Spain
Rioja, Catalonia, Jerez
Rioja
best region, red wine that ages very well, phylloxera did not attack here.
Catalonia
primary area of production, standard wines, and sparkling wines
Jerez
Southmost, sherry
Donald Ziraldo and Karl Kaiser
VQA, Ice wine cultivar
What are the 4 designations of VQA
VQA, wine designated w a viticultural area, vineyard or estate grown, estate bottled
VQA designation
100% Ontario grown grapes
Wine designated with vineyard
ex. VQA Niagra peninsula,
85% of grapes grown in stated area, rest grown in ontario
Vineyard or estate grown
100% of grapes from single vineyard
Estate bottled
100% grown somewhere else, bottled and finished in ontario
What are the 4 winemaking areas in Ontario
Niagara peninsula, Lake Erie north shore, Peel island, Prince Edward
Importance of lake effect
raises winter temp, cool spring breeze holds back development until risk of frost is gone, cooler summer ripens grapes slower
What region of France is similar to the lake effect here?
Burgundy
Benefit of off shore lake Erie
warm waters of the lake, high sunshine hours = early harvest
How do you make sherry
Harvest, crush, light pressing.
Initial fermentation
Initial assessment
Building the solera
Drawing and adding wine
What are the characteristics of red wine?
More alcohol % by 1-2%
Less acidic
More polyphenolics
Importance of Polyphenolics
red colour, tannins, flavonoids
Red wine varieties in Ontario
Merlot, Gamay, Noir, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir
Why is red wine red?
the skins are left in during fermentation so the wine gets their pigment.
what is punching the cap?
pushing down the layer on top of the wine. this increases the contact between the skin and wine. increases red colour (Anthocyanin Extraction)
