Midterm Review Flashcards
1
Q
T/F: According to Hacking, the classification of plutonium is an interactive kind
A
False
2
Q
According to Carl Elliott, what are the factors that has contributed to an upsurge of mental disorder diagnoses?
1) the commercial interests of the ______ industry
2) the formation of support ______ by mental health patients
3) the ascendency of ______ as a way of understanding mental illness
4) the success of biomedicine in ______ mental illness
A
pharmaceutical, communities, biomedicine, treating
3
Q
Nomy Arpaly discusses two ways in which she thinks mental states are distinct from biochemical ones. They are ______ and ______ ______
A
warrant, content-efficacy
4
Q
Arpaly thinks bipolar disorder and diabetes are alike in the following ways:
1) they can’t be ______ away
2) they aren’t something to be ______ of
3) ______ work
A
wished, ashamed, drugs
5
Q
Hacking does not consider ______ ______ as a “transient” mental illness
A
visual hallucinations
6
Q
Hacking considers ______, ______, and ______ ______ ______ as “transient” mental illness
A
hysteria, anorexia, multiple personality disorder
7
Q
An outcome of an audience member being moved to ______ is what Arpaly considers as “______-______” to an opera singer’s dramatic performance
A
tears, content-efficacious
8
Q
T/F: Although it has been shown that the use of psycho-pharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of mental illness also increases the number of patients diagnosed with the disorders that these drugs treat, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates who can receive such treatments, and what symptoms are legitimate so that pharmaceutical companies cannot exploit this phenomenon by reinforcing the existence of these diseases.
A
True
9
Q
According to Elliott, one reason people who experience what has been historically diagnosed as a mental disorder resist medicalizing their condition is they argue their condition should not be seen as a ______ ______
A
medical problem
10
Q
According to Klein’s podcast, children seeking asylum in ______ experienced ______ ______
A
Sweden, resignation syndrome
11
Q
Hacking argues that interactive kinds exhibit ______ ______
A
looping effects
12
Q
At Canton Asylum, Elizabeth Fairbault:
1) ______ and was ______
2) gave ______ to a child
3) her ______ wrote letters arguing for her releases
4) died in ______ circumstances
A
escaped, recaptured, birth, husband, mysterious
13
Q
Martino and Lindsey agree ______ ______ studies and ______ studies are inextricably linked
A
critical animal, disabilities
14
Q
T/F: The current state of Autism Spectrum Disorders research recommends individualized care to address the unique experiences and needs of people diagnosed with ASD
A
True
15
Q
Martino and Lindsay advocate for studying the intersections of critical disability studies and critical animal studies to:
1) better understand multiple perspectives on ______
2) make space for non-normative ways of voicing ______ experiences
3) inform efforts in both fields to advocate for the “______”
4) better understand creative ways of ______ and ______ for rights
A
interdependence, lived, voiceless, mobilizing, advocating
16
Q
According the Park, the most common pharmacological treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder are ______
A
antidepressants
17
Q
According to Park, Autism Spectrum Disorder is typically first identified in the first ______ years of life
A
3
18
Q
Two core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder are difficulty in ______ interactions and restrictive, ______ behaviors
A
social, repetitive
19
Q
T/F: All cases of ASD have multiple gene defects that cause the disorder
A
True
20
Q
According to Park, the ______ is the following is the most affected brain area of individuals with ASD
A
amygdala
21
Q
Children with ASD have features that can include:
1) sensitivity to ______, ______, and ______
2) ______
3) a need for a ______ routine
A
sounds, textures, smells, hyperactivity, strict
22
Q
According to the “Mind’s Machine” reading, these factors correlated with increased risk of schizophrenia:
1) living in a ______
2) being born to a ______ who is ______
3) having a ______ with schizophrenia
A
city, father, older, parent
23
Q
These are considered “negative symptoms” of schizophrenia according to the “Mind’s Machine” reading:
1) slow ______ and ______
2) ______ and ______ withdrawel
A
thought, speech, emotional, social
24
Q
______ ______ first named “autism” as a distinct diagnostic category
A
Leo Kanner
25
Larger ______ ______ in the brain have been linked to schizophrenia
lateral ventricles
26
Bernard Rimland did these to challenge the diagnostic power of independent psychiatrists:
1) sent out standardized ASD checklists to ______
2) formed the ______ ______ for ______ ______
3) published ______ on child autism
parents, National Society for Autistic Children, research
27
T/F: The author of “Autism from the Inside” believes that mindblindness is an issue that affects only neurodivergent individuals.
False
28
Older characterizations of autism include ______ and ______ ______
Aspergers, high functioning
29
In his article on "Autism Looping," ______ shows that the rate of autism diagnosis is greatest in countries where ______ occurred ______
Eyal, deinstitutionalization, earlier
30
T/F: Early practitioners of Applied Behavior Analysis therapy included aversive conditioning in attempts to reduce unwanted behaviors
True
31
The onset of Schizophrenia is typically earlier in ______
males
32
The ______ can be overgrown in children w/ autism
amygdala
33
______ are four times more likely to be diagnosed w/ autism
boys
34
The ______-______ ______ states that people w/ ASD have ______ long-range connections between different brain regions and ______ connection between local brain regions
under-connectivity hypothesis, less, more
35
3 ways Bernard Rimland influenced the looping effect of Autism:
1) Destigmatizing autism in ______
2) involving ______ in diagnosis process
3) allowing ______ ______ in the parent network
research, parents, behavioral therapists
36
Negative symptoms are the classification of symptoms that impair ______ function of people w/ schizophrenia
daily
37
Positive symptoms are the classification of symptoms that refer to ______ sensations introduced by schizophrenia
new
38
______ receive a higher prevalence of schizophrenia diagnoses
boys
39
These are persistent symptoms of Schizophrenia:
1) delusions of ______
2) ______
3) disorganized ______ and/or ______
4) ______ symptoms
grandeur, hallucinations, speech, behavior, negative
40
Brain scans in individuals w/ schizophrenia show these structural abnormalities:
1) reduced ______ ______
2) larger ______
3) reduced activity in ______ ______ consistent w/ cognitive deficits
gray matter, ventricles, frontal lobe
41
______ ______ is the field of study of a radical exploration of disability that reclaims ______ for disabled folks to ______ themselves in research
Mad studies, agency, center
42
______ is the system that places value on people's bodies and minds based on ______ constructed ideas of ______, ______, ______, and ______
ableism, socially, normalcy, intelligence, excellence, productivity
43
The DSM-5 was published in ______
2013
44
Martino and Lindsay give ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______/______ as examples of the "biopolitical weaponization of one species to advocate for another"
lone star ticks, red meat/cows
45
______ ______ was the only federal psychiatric hospital for ______ ______
Canton Asylum, American Indians
46
The ______ ______ links the inverse relationship of prison occupancy and institutionalized mental health care capacity
Penrose Hypothesis
47
______ has reportedly lower rates of ASD diagnoses compared to other wealthy contries
France
48
______ in Italy is commended for their commitment to mental health care
Trieste
49
JFK signed the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Health Centers Construction Act that lead to the ______ of mental heath care in ______
deinstitutionalization, 1963
50
The "______ ______," a term coined by ______, refers to the moving target of ______ based on ______
looping effect, Hacking, identity, classifcations
51
______ ______ is a concept coined by ______ that refers to the ______ nature of interaction that is given ______ by an ______
content efficacy, Arpaly, subjective, meaning, observer
52
______ refers to the inability to ______ or consider the internal thoughts of others
mindblindness, empthize
53
______ vs ______ problems is an analogy by Arpaly to describe ways that mental illness is both a ______ and ______ ______ ailment
hardware vs software, physical, non-physical
54
4 reasons Carl Elliot accounts for the "increase in mental illness:
1) proliferation of ______
2) ______ of biomedicine in treating mental illness
3) ______ from community building
4) direct to consumer pharmaceutical ______
biomedicine, success, destigmatization, advertising
55
An interactive kind was developed by ______ and describes how people may change their ______ due to knowing their ______ and how we ______ w/ those classifications
Hacking, behavior, classification, interact
56
An indifferent/natural kind was developed by ______ and describes how things like quarks, microbes, and plutonium don't care about ______/______
Hacking, labels, classifications
57
Classificatory looping describes the interaction between ______ and the ______ "kinds of people"; people change because of how they have been ______, how they ______ themselves, and how they have been ______
classifications, targeted, classified, understood, treated
58
Biolooping describes how what you ______ can affect your ______ (ex: Stanford genetic risk experiment); but this is ______ classificatory looping because genes aren't aware of your ______ of them (even if their expressions is affected)
think, biology, not, mindset
59
Mental health can be both interactive and indifferent because:
1) indifferent --> condition doesn't ______ even if we see ourselves differently
2) interactive --> ______ associated with the condition and how people's ______ can be proven false based on actions
change, labels, interpretations
60
The term "moving target" refers to how what you know about X changes because the ______ change
people
61
Arpaly's warrant refers to whether feeling an emotion is ______ or ______
ex: fear of tsunami in Oklahoma —> unwarranted
I’m angry at roommate for finishing cheerios —> warranted
right, wrong
62
Arpaly's desirability refers to is it ______ for you to think/feel this way; desirability depends on ______
ex: anxiety about grades
- not desirable
ex: anger at friend
- not desirable even if warranted
good, outcome
63
Reason responsiveness adds an extra dimension accompanying ______-______; essentially is what I ______ affects how I ______
ex: - Ex: John and the bat
- not reasonable to be feeling bad about what he said when he was 6 about a bat
- not reason responsive
- ex: John killed a bat recently
- feels terrible about it
- might be reason responsiveness bc he feels bad
content-efficacy, believe, feel
64
Moral imagination means to step outside of our own ______ of how people are like (similar to empathy)
idea
65
Lack of moral imagination is to not take somebody's ______ seriously; basically ______ somebody's experiences
assertion, dismissing
66
Roth identifies 3 events he correlates with deinstitutionalization:
1) hospital releases ______ by the advent of drug treatments
2) the reality of ______ ______ (vision: to avoid dehumanization of hospital life) was largely unregulated by states
3) LBJ ______ and ______ (benefits were paid to states -- cheaper for states to discharge patients)
enabled, community care, medicare, medicaid
67
Nixon's ______ ______ ______ (crackdown on drug crimes made people w/ mental illness vulnerable to incarceration)
war on drugs
68
Roth doubts closing asylums contributed to driving people with mental illness into jails and prisons because:
1) state-hopsital patients were mostly ______-______ or older and ______ (current incarcerated demographic is young, male and not white)
2) only about ______ with mental illness lived in psychiatric hospitals (more than half lived in communities, with family, or on own)
middle-aged, white, 1/3
69
Insel emphasizes the "three p's" of recovery:
1) ______
2) ______
3) ______
people, place, purpose
70
By saying mental-sick system, Insel means it is designed to respond to ______ but not focused on ______ and ______
crisis, prevention, recovery
71
Insel's reasons give to account for "dire" outcomes despite effective treatments:
1) although ______ treatments work, they are rarely combined to provide ______ care
2) knowledge gap matching ______ to ______
3) challenge of ______ attitudes toward treatment
individual, comprehensive, treatments, individuals, negative
72
The Trieste model for mental health care:
1) provides ______ support and ______ visits
2) takes a ______ approach: focusing on the ______ and their connections instead of the disorder
social, home, holistic, individual
73
To Carr, "reification" is the process where the effects of ______ power and resources start to seem like ______, inevitable facts
political, objective
74
Medicalization is is reification of medicine; focuses on individual's condition as ______ of mental illness and ignores larger ______ problems
instances, social
75
Carr's notion of "got run over by a car syndrome" means to treat those suffering and ______ the guy running people over w/ car instead of blaming ______ mechanism
stop, biological
76
Persons with disabilities include those who have ______-______ physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments which affects daily life
long-term
77
Disability is defined in numerous ways depending on ______ is defining and for what ______
who, purpose
78
Disability studies is thinking critically about disability and helping people ______ their society, relationships, families, and their own experiences and to make the ______ more accepting and accessible
understand, work
79
Disability cannot be ______ from categories of race, gender, class, sexuality, and ableism
disconnected
80
Mad studies challenges the ______ system and understandings; is the reclaiming of ______ that the community defines opposed to the bio-medical approach
psychiatric, identity
81
An oral history is usually a version of history from somebody's ______ ______
lived experience
82
Social referencing refers to how infants read ______ ______ to help them make decisions; children with ASD typically ______ do this
facial expressions, don't
83
Critical animal studies and critical disability studies demonstrates:
1) 2 social groups through their ______, histories and forms of ______
2) parallels and paradoxes of (__)______ cross species borders w/ need for ______
3) urgency to acknowledge the ______ of humans, nonhumans, and our shared environment and lives
experiences, oppression, (de)valuation, control, interdepndence
84
3 Reasons Eyal thinks institutionalization of "feeble-minded" children hindered the diagnosis of autism:
1) not enough ______ for patients = no basis for ______ or differentiating autism
2) ______ and ______ produced autistic like symptoms on massive scale
3) individual institutionalized not on basis of IQ but on if they were "______ ______" due to some form of mental deficiency
staff, observing, overpopulation, neglect, socially incapable
85
Eyal claims the middle-class status of families whose children Kanner were originally diagnosed w/ autism was significant because it proved it wasn't "______-______" because they didn't "______" like it
feeble-mindedness, look
86
Eyal claims the "coalition" between clinicians and parents helped pave the way for the increased diagnosis of autism because it ______ the relationship between the two (the parents were now more ______)
rearranged, involved
87
Eyal says parents accept some of the blame for their child's condition because:
1) there's hope if there's no ______ of deficiency in gene pool
2) remove stigma of organic defect & create identity as "______ ______"
stigma, autism parents
88
May thinks Edward Said's notion of "______ gaze" finds parallels in literature about autistic individuals written by and for ______ individuals
orientalist, neurotypical
89
Orientalist gaze parallels in literature about autistic individuals:
1) a ______/______ attitude to look at subjective ______/______
2) behaviors are ______, but never understood
3) not a sincere dyadic connection; claims ______ we haven't learned
european/neurotypical, other/autism, itemized, insight
90
May says "double empathy problem" refers to challenging one-sided framing of ______
mindblindness
91
Ortega and Choudhury say "neurological identities" refer to how in certain settings, people draw on ______ language to describe themselves; drawing on vocabulary or metaphors that imply equivalence between their ______-______ and the ______
neurological, self-concept, brain
92
Autistic self-advocates use "brain talk" to forge a non-pathological identity and a community by:
1) avoiding ______ explanations
2) ______ the distinction between autistic and non-autistic populations
3) ______ the autistic identity for political ends
psychoanalytic, radicalize, homogenize
93
Adolescents resist "brain talk" because:
1) to dispute ______ of violent, rude, impulsive, etc
2) challenge stereotypes by providing ______
3) embrace difference not for the group but as ______ -- each person's ______
stereotypes, counternarratives, individual, uniqueness
94
______ have more diagnosis of schizophrenia in early adulthood
men
95
______ have a higher rate of schizophrenia diagnosis later in life
women
96
Cognitive symptoms refer to problems ______ and ______ on external information (ex: memory and concentration)
processing, acting
97
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia:
1) ______ disorder (disorganized, irrational thinking)
2) ______ (persecution, control, grandeur)
3) ______ (voices)
thought, delusions, hallucinations
98
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:
1) ______ effect
2) poverty of ______
3) lack of ______
4) ______ withdrawal
4) inability to experience ______
flattened, speech, intiative, social, pleasure
99
The "old psychoanalytic" account of schizophrenia looks at it as the patients w/ schizophrenia struggle with longing for ______ combined with a fear of ______; in addition, it followed the "______ ______" produced psychosis in her child through confusing mix of hope and rejection
intimacy, closeness, schizophrenogenic mother
100
Luhrmann thinks schizophrenia might be more of a "syndrome" like diabetes than a single disease or disorder because:
1) the ______ medications did not work well
2) search for ______ explanation fell apart
3) ______ really matters
targeted, genetic, culture
101
Three side-effects of anti-psychotic drug use:
1) ______ ______
2) significant ______ gain
3) risk of type 2 ______
tardive dyskinesia, weight, diabetes
102
The bio-bio-bio model refers to biological ______ (brain lesion or disease), biological ______ (genes), and biological ______ (meds)
basis, causes, treatment
103
Reasons why individuals in India might fare better:
1) ______ are more involved
2) don't treat people w/ schizophrenia as if they have a ______-______ illness
3) ______ --> results in patients believing and expecting to get better
families, soul-destroying, deception
104
African-Caribbean migrants in London have a higher rate of schizophrenia compared to others in their home country and white natives because:
1) they have no ______ in London
2) are ______
3) are ______
4) in an ______ environment
5) may be ______
6) ______ color
community, male, migrant, urban, poor, skin
105
The recovery moment aims to move beyond "care as usual" by:
1) ______
2) ______
3) ______
4) ______
health, home, purpose, community
106
Hearing Voices Movement (HVM) recommends the practice of supporting distressed individuals trying to understand the voice hearer's frame of reference, supporting them to change their ______ with their voices, and promoting the valuable role of peer support for decreasing ______ isolation and ______ instead of pathologizing hearing voices
relationship, social, stigma
107
5 key values of HVM:
1) the potential for hearing voices exists in all of ______
2) diverse explanations for voices are ______ and ______
3) voice-hearers are encouraged to take ownership of their ______
4) voice hearing can be understood and interpreted in context of ______ events and ______ narratives
5) process of ______ voices is generally regarded as more helpful than attempting to suppress or eliminate them
us, accepted, valued, experience, life, interpersonal, accepting
108
The authors claim research on HVM must always involve participation and collaboration of experts by experience because it follows the principle of "______ ______ ______ ______ ______"
nothing about us without us
109
The authors criticize the use of medicalized terms like AVH and delusions for certain experiences may evoke ______ because voice-hearers may perceive it as assuming the voices aren't ______ and/or they are best explained in a ______ manner
resistance, real, biomedical
110
"Sane in insane places" refers to how a Stanford researcher and others pretended to have ______ hallucinations, went to different psychiatric facilities, were ______ and displayed no symptoms while hospitalized; all but one received diagnoses of ______
auditory, neurotypical, schizophrenia
111
"lack of insight" means clinicians believe the patient does not understand the ______ X the same as the ______
concept, clinicians
112
Transient refers to culturally specific conditions (______ constructed because it is specific to ______ moments
socially, cultural
