Midterm Review Flashcards
age group with the most chronic illness
older adults
anxiety and the stages
normal response to internal stressors
- mild
- moderate
- severe
- panic
barriers to communication
barriers to multicultural therapeutic communication
- lack of knowledge
- fear and distrust
- racism
- bias/prejudice/ethnocentrism
- stereotyping
- health care rituals
- language
- perceptions and expectations
bias
a slant toward a particular belief
synonyms: favoritism, one-sidedness
culture types
- what play strong roles?
- which types of medicine they prefer?
Western/Caucasian - western medicine
African American/Western - Western, may rely on folk medicine
African/Caribbean - Mixture of western with spiritualism
Asian - Mixture of western with Confucian principals
Native American/Pacific Islander - Western and fold combined
with importance of a balance between the forces of nature
Hispanic/Latino - Mix of western, fold, and belief in intervention by God
Judaism - Western medicine, no pork and kosher foods
Hinduism - Western medicine, no eating meat, and must be
modest regarding their bodies
Islam - Mix of Western and Fold with belief in intervention by Allah
Christian Science - Rely on prayer and spiritual diagnosis. They accept diagnosis but believe it is caused by an underlying spiritual condition
defending communication roadblock example
“There is no way the doctor will discharge you today” said the health professional when they client asked if she could get discharged that day
desegregation
discriminiation
skills are required when interacting with the clients
professional and technical skills
how do you attain effective team communication?
1: collaboration!
listen carefully to others
explain their ideas clearly
clarify others’ ideas as necessary
express feelings in a nonthreatening manner
check for feelings based on nonverbal cues
initiate conversations with others if there is tension
encourage others to be effective communicators
high-context communication
great reliance on body language, reference to objects in the environment, and culturally relevant phraseology to convey an idea
assumes the speaker and listener both have knowledge of the subject
this is indirect and seems to take forever to reach a conclusion
low-context communication
uses few environmental or cultural idioms to convey an idea or concept, but relies mainly on explicit and highly detailed language
requires vocabulary of listener to be at least equal to that of the speaker
it is in your face
communication types adults use for infants
- physical comfort and safety
- signing
how do we get a balanced self when we have three selves?
there must be congruency between the 3 selves and the critic self must be well understood and not allowed to undermine the real self
BALANCE
characteristics of empathy
identify with the client and feel what they are feeling
- dispel fear and anxiety
- comfortable
defense mechanisms
- what they are?
- why they are used?
describe when to use these communication types…
- gesturing
- questioning
- talking
- touching
gesturing:
questioning:
talking:
touching: often used to express deep feelings that are impossible to express verbally/often synonymous with reassurance, understanding, and caring
direct and indirect statement examples
goals for effective listening
- requires concentration
- 3rd ear: being aware of what the client is not saying
THREE GOALS
1: improve listening skills sufficiently so that clients are heard accurately
2: listen for what is not being said or for information transmitted only by hints
3: determine how accurately the message has been received
five C’s of communication
complete
clear
concise
cohesive
courteous
health care types, cultures that use them, and which are covered by insurance companies
levels of need and client’s response
moralizing/lecturing example
practitioner type beliefs
- chiropractor
- medical doctor
- naturopath
- osteopath
chiropractor: manipulation of body
medical doctor: allopathic and traditional
naturopath: nontraditional
osteopath: allopathic with spine manipulation
perceptions
insights or intuitions –> ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through senses
personal space
distance at which individuals are comfortable with others
racism
racial discrimination, segregation, persecution, and domination towards a certain group
reason insurers like CAM
because these are more likely to be paid for personally and out of pocket
reassuring cliché roadblock example
sensory skills involved with communication types
shifting communication roadblock example
stress
- how do females and males respond?
- stages of stress
females:
males:
stages:
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
- what is the body doing
sympathetic: fight/flight/freeze, experiencing fear
parasympathetic: body returns to normal
helping interview
- how does the person needing help and the person giving help feel?
needing help feels…
- unimportant/inadequate
- useless/depressed
- powerless
- frightened/embarrassed
- sad/angry
giving help feels…
- important
- useful
- powerful
- gratified
- happy
stereotyping
belief that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same
stressor
anything that causes stress, internal or external
4 categories…
- frustrations
- conflicts
- pressure
- fear
therapeutic response
- infant
- children
- adolescent
- young adult
- middle aged adult
- older
infant:
children:
adolescent:
young adult:
middle aged adult:
older:
how below groups respond to illness?
- infant
- children
- adolescent
- young adult
- middle aged adult
- older
infant:
children:
adolescent:
young adult:
middle aged adult:
older:
third ear
being aware of what is not being said or picking up on hints to the real message
Western medicine basis
based on the premise that disease results form bacterial and viral attack on the body. Diseases are diagnosed by observing the clients’ symptoms from scientific tests. Pharma drugs or surgical procedures are used most
homeopathy uses
nontraditional uses
healing takes place when minuscule amounts of certain substances are able to leave an imprint in the body, stimulate the immune system, and help facilitate a cure
