Midterm Review Flashcards
What was the first attempt by the English to establish a colony in North America?
Roanoke
Was Roanoke successful?
No
What made Jamestown successful?
Tobacco
How did the geography of New England affect the development of the colony?
It was difficult to farm in New England due to the thin, rocky soil and long, cold winters. The New England colonies sat next to some of the Richest fishing grounds in the world. Colonists were heavily reliant on the Atlantic Ocean - fishermen, shipbuilders, and merchants. People also relied on Subsistence Farming - produced enough for themselves and a little extra food for trading
How do the Middle Colonies compare to the New England Colonies in terms of its geography and its people?
With a warmer climate and longer growing season and better soil, the Middle Colony colonists found farming to be easier than on New England.
What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony?
A proprietary colony is created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family. A royal colony is controlled directly by the English King.
Who was William Penn? How was Pennsylvania a “holy experiment”?
Pennsylvania was founded by Quaker William Penn to provide a colony of religious freedom. William Penn wanted to create a Quaker colony where people from different religious backgrounds could live together peacefully
What are some of the differences between Puritans and Quakers.
Puritans -
Saw humans as naturally sinful and did not trust much
Only Men could speak in church and women naturally inferior
Slavery was legit and natives were savages
Settled mainly in Plymouth, others in Massachusetts
Quakers -
Saw humans as naturally good, led by an “inner light”
Women should be educated and have leadership rules
Slavery was morally corrupt and that natives should be treated with care
Settled mainly in Pennsylvania
SIMILARITIES -
Both sought religious freedom
Both are protestant forms of Christianity
Both came to Northern Colonies
What was the primary focus of the southern colonies?
To grow cash crops, like tobacco, rice and sugar.
How was Maryland different from the other southern colonies?
Lord Baltimore was the proprietary owner of the colony, passed the Act of Toleration in 1649. The Act of Toleration welcomed all Christians to the Maryland colony and gave adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office. This was unique because it included Catholics
What were the three parts of the Navigation Acts? What was its overall purpose?
The Navigation Acts were passed to strengthen the ides of mercantilism. Regulated trade between England and the colonies in order to ensure that only England benefited from trade with its colonies. Shipments from Europe to the colonies had to go to England first.
Describe each leg of the triangular trade and its economic goal (what “product” was acquired and traded at each stop)
3 legs of trade
1st Leg - Ships from New England carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools from New England to West Africa and traded these goods for slaves.
2nd Leg - Ships carried enslaved Africans to the West Indies/Caribbean (Middle Passage).
3rd Leg - Traders bought molasses and sugar with profits from selling enslaved Africans and sailed back to New England.
What was the Middle Passage?
The Middle Passage was the dangerous voyage slave ships would take to cross the Atlantic Ocean
What were Slave Codes?
Colonial authorities wrote slave codes, or strict laws that restricted the rights and activities of slaves. The slave codes gave slave holders more control over enslaved Africans.
What sides were fighting in the French and Indian War? What were they fighting over?
British and French - The region of North America that both the French and British colonists claimed was known as the Ohio River Valley
What side won the war?
The British
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris formally ended the French and Indian War and outlined the terns of Peace.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
This order established a line beyond which American colonists could not settle. The lands beyond the line were reserved for the Native Americans.
Was it successful?
Back in North America, many colonists resented the King’s proclamation. Some simply disobeyed it or ignored it because they felt like they had the right to settle wherever they wanted after they won the war.
What was the major outcome of the French and Indian War for the British?
France lost much of its land in North America, including the Ohio River Valley and Canada. Britain’s America empire more than doubled.
What was the Stamp Act?
In 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act. This law required many written or printed items, including newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards, to be produced on special paper stamped in Great Britain. In order to purchase this stamped paper, colonists had to pay a tax. The stamp act provided the colonists with unwelcome everyday reminders that their relationship with Great Britain had changed forever.
What was the Quartering Act?
Colonists had to provide housing, candles, bedding and beverages to soldiers stationed in the colonies. Many colonists didn’t think the soldiers should be there during peacetime. But Britain sent more troops when they tried to refuse.
What was the Boston Massacre?
When British troops fired into a crowd of colonists killing unarmed colonists.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
The first act closed the port of Boston. The next two acts increased the powers of the royal governor, abolished the upper house of the Massachusetts legislature, and cut the powers of town meetings. The last act of the Intolerable Acts strengthened the 1765 Quartering Act.
How did the colonists respond to the Intolerable Acts?
They responded with the Boston Tea Party (Where the sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans and dumped 45 tons of tea into the harbor), and they repealed the Intolerable Acts. Colonies started training militias to stand up to British troops if necessary, and they had a new boycott on British goods.
Where was the “shot heard round the world?”
The first shot of the American Revolution is known as “the shot heard round the world.” It took place in the town of Lexington, Massachusetts.
Who were the Patriots? What area had the highest number of Patriots and why?
Colonists who favored independence and were willing to fight for it were known as Patriots. Majority of the Patriots were found in New England, because many of the acts imposed by Britain, especially the Intolerable Acts, focused their punishments on the New England colonies.
Who were the Loyalists? What area had the highest number of Loyalists and why?
The colonists who remained loyal to Britain and the King were known as Loyalists. Loyalists were often individuals that worked for the British government, or wealthy landowners who felt their land and financial state could be at risk. More loyalists in the Middle Colonies and the South rather than in New England.
Who wrote Common Sense and what was its message?
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense stimulated broad support for independence. Paine called King George a “royal brute.” Paine despised the very idea of being ruled by kings. He also claimed colonists would be better off if they governed themselves
Which battle was the turning point? Why?
The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point in the war. The continental victory ended the British threat to New England and destroyed British hopes of an easy victory. It also helped convince European countries that the Americans were capable of winning the war, which was why France made an alliance with the Continental Army.
