Midterm Review

Question 1

What is force?

Answer 1

Force mass x acceleration

Force is push or pull, the ability to do work or cause physical change.

Question 2

What is Mass?

Answer 2

Mass = force/ acceleration

The weight

Question 3

What is acceleration?

Answer 3

Acceleration = Force / mass

Acceleration is the change of speed and/or velocity.

Question 4

What is Newton’s second law?

Answer 4

Force equals mass x acceleration

Question 5

P= E / T

Answer 5

Power = Energy divided by Time

Question 6

Power

Answer 6

Energy Divided by Time

Measured in Watts, work done in unit time
Joules per second
J/s

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

Power x Time
The ability to do work
Measured in Joules

Question 8

Time

Answer 8

How much time has passed, usually in seconds.

Question 9

Whats the Ozone layer?

Answer 9

a thin part of the Earth’s atmosphere that absorbs almost all of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light

Question 10

What’s the problem with the ozone layer?

Answer 10

The ozone problem is that there are holes of Ozone in the stratosphere due to the use of CFC’s.

Question 11

What does the Ozone layer do?

Answer 11

It protects us from the suns UV radiation

Question 12

What’s bad about Ozone (in the atmosphere)?

Answer 12

Ground level ozone is bad because it is an air pollutant.
It can damage the environment and cause health problems.

Question 13

What is Ozone solution and current status?

Answer 13

The ozone problem is that there are holes of Ozone in the stratosphere due to the use of CFC’s.
To solve the issue a UN treaty was made “The Montreal Protocol of 1987”. It was an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out CFCs and other ozone-depleting stuff.
Current Status, Ozone hole shrinking, Montreal protocol was successful.

Question 13

The Montreal Protocol of 1987

Answer 13

It was an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out CFCs and other ozone-depleting stuff.

Question 13

Where does the energy a biker burns go?

Answer 13

Heat and sweat

Question 14

Where does the energy a person creates go?

Answer 14

Most of the energy burned goes to heat and body functions. (Sweating and breathing)

Question 15

How does an air conditioner work?

Answer 15

AC pulls out all of the hot air from your room/ house and replaces it with cold air. All the hot air that was absorbed is then released outside your house.

Question 16

How does a heater work?

Answer 16

A heater absorbs all the cold air and replaces it with warm air. It adds heat.

Question 17

What are joules

Answer 17

Unit of energy

Question 18

What are watts

Answer 18

Unit of Power

Question 19

What’s ohms law?

Answer 19

V = I / R
Voltage equals Current divided by Resistance

Question 20

Whats resistance?

Answer 20

measured in ohms

Question 21

P= IV

Answer 21

Power = I (Current) x V (Voltage)
Watts= AMPS x Volts

Question 22

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 22

a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource (also called a common) act in their own interest and, in doing so, ultimately deplete (Use up) the resource.

Question 23

Solutions to tragedy of the commons

Answer 23

1. Restrict access through rules and regulations
2. Change our lifestyles/ values
3. Privatization, creates incentives for individuals to minimize the use of the commons.

Question 24

What’s the Greenhouse effect

Answer 24

the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth’s surface by “greenhouse gases.” It warms up the planet, without it the planet would be cold.

Question 25

What are greenhouse gases?

Answer 25

Burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. C02

Question 26

What are climate tipping points?

Answer 26

tipping point is a critical threshold that, when crossed, leads to large and often irreversible changes in the climate system. If tipping points are crossed, they are likely to have severe impacts on human society.

Question 27

Examples of Climate tipping points

Answer 27

1. Melting of glaciers,
2. disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet.
3. permafrost collapse and winter sea ice loss in the Arctic

Question 28

Heat transfer ( 3 methods)

Answer 28

Conduction, Convection, Radiation.

Question 29

Conduction

Answer 29

1. Transfer of energy through matter
   (touching metal, heat transfer from your hands to metal) BY TOUCHING SOMETHING
2. Metal is a good conductor, air is not.

Question 30

Convection

Answer 30

1. transfer of energy by movement of mass
2. Can only take place in liquid and air.
   Flowing liquid or gas that takes heat with it
   Candle

Question 31

Radiation

Answer 31

1. Proportional to the 4th power of the temperature
2. How we get energy from the sun
3. Why it gets cold on a clear night.

Question 32

First Law of thermodynamics

Answer 32

Energy conservation
- Energy is conserved
-heat is a form of energy
-The energy of an isolated system is constant (doesn’t change.)

Question 33

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 33

-It is impossible to convert heat completely into work
-No perfect engine
-Can’t pull heat out of the environment
-Heat cannot flow from a material at a lower temperature to a material at higher temperature.
-Is an ISOLATED system, a process can occur only if it increases the total ENTROPY of the system.

Question 34

Entropy

Answer 34

associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty

Question 35

Coulombs

Answer 35

Unit of charge (c/s = Acurrent)

Question 36

Efficieny of an engine

Answer 36

(Thot - Tcold) / Thot
Everything in Kelvin

comparison of energy input vs energy output

Question 37

Doubling time

Answer 37

= 70 / growth rate

Question 38

Exponential growth

Answer 38

Increases quantity over time. Usually by a lot Like doubling every time.

Question 39

Kinetic energy

Answer 39

=1/2 x Mass x Velocity^2

Question 40

Potential Energy

Answer 40

=mgh
Mass x gravitational pull x height

Question 41

What unit is coloumbs/ sec

Answer 41

Current

Question 42

what unit is quads

Answer 42

Energy

Question 43

What’s the gravitational pull

Answer 43

9.8 m/s^2

Question 44

How to convert from kelvin to celcius

Answer 44

Kelvin = C +273.15
or
C= kelvin - 273.15

Question 45

Example of tragedy of the commons + its solution

Answer 45

Overhunting

There’s rules and regulations that were put into place to stop this, now there are only some time periods in the year where hunting is allowed. Varies from animal to animal.