Midterm Review

Question 1

What are the levels of organization of life?

Answer 1

Atom, Molecules, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 2

Which level is the most inclusive?

Answer 2

Biosphere

Question 3

Which level is the least inclusive?

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

Which level includes non-living substances like soil and rivers?

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

Which level includes only members of the same species?

Answer 5

Population

Question 6

Which level includes members of many species?

Answer 6

Community

Question 7

How are species named?

Answer 7

Homo. Sapiens

Genus. Species

Question 8

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 8

Eukarya, Eubacteria, Archaea

Question 9

Cells in which domains do not have nuclei?

Answer 9

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 10

What is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 10

Cell

Question 11

What are producers?

Answer 11

Make their own food using energy and raw materials from non biological resources (photosynthesis)

Question 12

What are consumers?

Answer 12

Obtain energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms (mammals)

Question 13

In which domain are halophiles classified?

Answer 13

Eubacteria and archaea

Question 14

Are halophiles prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 14

Prokaryotic

Question 15

What are some examples of unicellular organisms?

Answer 15

E.coli, bacteria, protists

Question 16

What are some examples of multicellular organisms?

Answer 16

Plants and animals

Question 17

In science, what is a control group?

Answer 17

Group not exposed to the independent variable being tested

Question 18

In science, what is an experimental group?

Answer 18

Group of individuals who have certain characteristics or receive a certain treatment

Question 19

What is a scientific theory?

Answer 19

A hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing

Question 20

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 20

Testable explanation for a natural phenomenon

Question 21

How do you reduce bias in a study?

Answer 21

Use a blind study

By designing experiments that yield quantitative results

Question 22

What is a bias, and how can scientists avoid it?

Answer 22

Bias is a preference for or against one idea, thing, or person. Scientists can avoid bias by conducting blind studies

Question 23

What is the octet rule?

Answer 23

The tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in their valence shells

Question 24

What determines the identity of an atom?

Answer 24

Basically the atomic number

Question 25

How do you determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Answer 25

Protons are the same as the atomic number Electrons are the same as protons and neutrons Neutrons are the atomic mass subtracted from the atomic number

Question 26

How do you determine the number of valence electrons in an element?

Answer 26

By what group they fall under in the periodic table

Question 27

How can an atom become an ion?

Answer 27

When an atom loses or gains an electron

Question 28

Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom?

Answer 28

The nucleus

Question 29

What is an isotope? How can one element have more that one isotope?

Answer 29

Same atom, different number of neutrons

Question 30

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 30

Atoms with more or less electrons than protons

Question 31

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 31

Sharing an electron pair between two atoms

Question 32

What kind of bonds link amino acids?

Answer 32

Peptide bonds

Question 33

What kind of reaction is used to break down polymers into monomers?

Answer 33

A hydrolysis reaction

Question 34

What factors limit cell size?

Question 35

What is a biofilm?

Answer 35

Community of different types of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime

Question 36

What kind of cells can have flagella?

Answer 36

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 37

What is cell theory?

Answer 37

One of the foundations of modern biology

Question 38

What is the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes?

Answer 38

A cell membrane can be considered a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition

Question 39

What cells organelles are found in ALL cells?

Answer 39

Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and ER

Question 40

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 40

To function as a selectively permeable barrier separating an internal environment from an external one

Question 41

What is the endomembrane structure?

Answer 41

Series of interacting organelles between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 42

What is the endomembrane function?

Answer 42

Make and modify lipids, proteins, and recycles molecules and particles such as worn out cell parts, and inactivates toxins

Question 43

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 43

Hereditary info is passed to offspring Adaptation to environmental change Requirements for nutrients

Question 44

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Answer 44

They absorb the nutrients around them

Question 45

How many electrons can the first and second valence shells hold?

Answer 45

The first shell can hold 2 and the second shell can hold 8

Question 46

What is the difference between a solvent, solute, and solution?

Answer 46

Solvent- the material that usually decides the solutions physical state Solute- the product that the solvent dissolves Solution- the “equivalent”

Question 47

What is a glycogen?

Answer 47

A polysaccharide used for energy storage by animals

Question 48

What are the types of lipids?

Answer 48

Triglyceride, phospholipid, and sterols

Question 49

What is a sampling error and how can you minimize it?

Answer 49

Sampling errors are not providing enough samples during a study. You can avoid this by ensuring you have an appropriate sample size for your study.

Question 50

What are hydrophobic interactions? What role do they play in cell membranes?

Answer 50

The tendency of non polar molecules to aggregate in water solutions

Question 51

What is the relationship between a population and community?

Answer 51

A population is a group of individuals that belong to a particular species, living in a particular geographical area at a particular time. On the other hand, a community is two or more populations, living in the same geographical area at a particular time.

Question 52

What is homeostasis?

Answer 52

Process by which an organism keeps it’s internal conditions within a range that favors survival by sending and responding to change

Question 53

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 53

The breakdown of large molecules by enzymes and the addition of water

Question 54

What is a nutrient?

Answer 54

A nutrient is a substance necessary for survival that an organism cannot make itself

Question 55

Is there a one way flow of nutrients or are they cycled?

Answer 55

Energy flows one way | Nutrients are cycled

Question 56

How are two strands of DNA held together?

Answer 56

By hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases (A-T, C-G)

Question 57

What is the composition of a triglyceride?

Answer 57

Glycerol fatty acid chains

Question 58

What are saturated fats?

Answer 58

Fatty acid chains that have a single bond

Question 59

Where are saturated fats found naturally?

Answer 59

Red meats or dairy products

Question 60

Are saturated fats usually liquid or solid at room temperature?

Answer 60

Solid

Question 61

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 61

Contain one or more double bonds

Question 62

Where are unsaturated fats found naturally?

Answer 62

Food from plants such as vegetable oil and seeds

Question 63

Are unsaturated fats usually liquid or solid at room temperature?

Answer 63

Liquid