Midterm Review Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Emphysema causes trapping of air in the:
A
alveoli
2
Q
What is the best description of the term prevalent as used with medical diseases or conditions?
A
Occurring more often
3
Q
Excessive production of estrogen in the female can lead to cancer of the:
A
breast and uterus
4
Q
The herpes simplex virus has been closely connected to cancer of the:
A
cervix
5
Q
Making the patient more comfortable and more able to tolerate her pain his what kind of care?
A
palliative
6
Q
Symptoms of mononucleosis include:
A
fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph glands
7
Q
blood in the chest cavity
A
hemothorax
8
Q
A general term that describes any disease of the lymph vessels is
A
lymphangiopathy
9
Q
A popping sound is commonly heard at the time of what injury?
A
cruciate ligament tear
10
Q
A normal adult male hemoglobin is
A
13.0–18 grams
11
Q
In which category would poison, motor vehicle accident, burns, and falls as a cause of disease be classified?
A
trauma
12
Q
The average adult has approximately 5 quarts of blood within their body that is equal to how many liters?
A
5 liters
13
Q
Medications and spinal anesthesia can lead to which type of shock?
A
Neurogenic shock
14
Q
What do the lymph nodes produce?
A
Lymphocytes
15
Q
Which term is used synonymously with the term neoplasm?
A
tumor
16
Q
The main site for a myocardial infarction is the:
A
left ventricle
17
Q
What finding on physical examination is indicative of lymphadenitis?
A
swollen lymph nodes
18
Q
Which condition is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?
A
osteomalacia
19
Q
What pulmonary disease is caused by frequent inhalation of dust particles related to insulating and fireproofing?
A
Asbestosis
20
Q
An abnormal collection of lymphatic fluid, usually in an arm or leg is:
A
lymphedema
21
Q
Risk factors for a myocardial infarction include:
A
hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity
22
Q
A common disease in the group of COPD diseases is
A
emphysema, chronic bronchitis
23
Q
Which of the following often appears in postmenopausal, osteoporitic females?
A
kyphosis
also osteoporosis
24
Q
Oxygenated blood passes through which valve to enter the left ventricle?
A
mitral
25
An example of a flat bone would be the:
sternum, skull
26
Which organism causes lymphangitis?
streptococcus
27
What can assist in determination of inflammation or infectious diseases of the lymphatic system?
Complete blood count with white cell differential
28
Triggers of nonallergic asthma include:
stress, changes in temperature, exercise
29
Which blood cells are important in infection prevention?
leukocytes
30
Treatment for aplastic anemia includes:
bone marrow transplantation
31
A sarcoma is a:
malignant tumor of connective tissue
32
The decrease or drop in blood pressure that occurs when the individual rises to a sitting or standing position from a reclining position?
postural hypotension
33
Routine preventive screening measures include:
breast screening examinations, mammograms, Pap tests
34
Treatment for viral pneumonia includes
oxygen therapy, increased fluid intake, high-calorie diet
35
Which test is used most frequently for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
ultrasound
36
A rare lymphatic disease that resembles scarlet fever is:
Kawasaki disease
37
Individuals who are suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis may have which test to confirm the diagnosis?
RF (rheumatoid factor)
38
Which term means swelling of the lymph glands, nodes, or both?
Lymphadenitis
39
What does autoimmune mean?
immunity against self
40
Kawasaki disease is characterized by:
reddened lips, tongue, and mucous membranes
41
The three basic lines of defense include:
intact skin, inflammatory response, immune response
42
A collection of infectious material contained within a capsule is a(an):
pulmonary abscess
43
Symptoms of thrombocytopenia include
ecchymosis, epistaxis, petechiae
44
Patients are often encouraged to use a __________to maintain and improve lung function.
spirometer
45
_____ cancers are those that spread to other parts of the body.
metastatic
46
Common symptoms of anemia include:
tachycardia, dyspnea, pallor
47
A type of malignancy that is benign in appearance and does not metastasize but is still deadly is:
glioma
48
Examples of allergens include:
grass, pets, house dust
49
The leading cause of stroke and heart failure is:
hypertension
50
Chronic leukemia most often affects:
older adults
51
Sarcomas, carcinomas, and melanomas are examples of:
neoplasms, hyperplasia, and metastasis
52
Cardinal signs/symptoms of the inflammatory process
redness, heat, pain, loss of function, and swelling
53
The largest group of malignant neoplasms is:
carcinoma
54
Which procedure involves inserting a chest tube to withdraw air and assist in re-expanding the lung?
Thoracentesis
55
Which drugs would be administered to reduce pain?
analgesics
56
What type of lymphoma is also known as NHL?
Lymphosarcoma
57
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis
family history of osteoporosis, lack of exercise, female
58
The presence of a persistent, red, facial butterfly-shaped rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks is a classic sign of which disorder?
Lupus erythematosus
59
What kind of surgery for cancer is done to alleviate pain and discomfort when a cure is not possible?
palliative
60
Treatment of laryngitis includes:
throat lozenges, increased fluid intake, voice rest
61
Examinations used to diagnose disorders of the musculoskeletal system include:
computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, X-rays
62
Common causes of anaphylactic reactions include:
insect stings, antibiotics, latex
63
Blood tests that may be ordered to diagnose musculoskeletal diseases include tests for:
phosphorus
64
Osteomalacia in children is called:
Rickets
65
The condition in which the heart fails to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body’s needs is known as:
congestive heart failure (CHF)
66
Cachexia describes:
an ill, thin individual
67
What part of the body is most affected by peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
legs
68
Microorganisms that produce disease are called:
pathogenic
69
Which of the following causes acute pain and obvious joint deformity?
dislocation
70
A sudden, life-threatening lung failure that is a syndrome and not a specific disease?
ARDS
71
An example of an acute illness is:
sore throat, common cold, influenza
72
General treatment for viral infections includes:
rest
73
Antibodies received from maternal-fetal transmission are an example of:
passive natural immunity
74
How would you describe predisposing factors?
risk factors
75
Kyphosis is:
a humped curvature of the thoracic spine
76
Cancer treatment includes:
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
77
What effect do steroids have on the healing process?
inhibits healing
78
Mononucleosis is
viral infection, affects lymphocytes, called "kissing disease"
79
Lymphangitis is characterized by a:
red streak extending at the site of the bacterial entry that extends to the area lymph nodes
80
Nasal discharge is frequently seen in:
allergic respiratory reactions, infection, inflammation
81
What term refers to blood in the urine?
hematuria
82
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by:
streptococcus bacteria
83
What is the cause of infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein–Barr virus
84
The normal heart rate for an adult is how many beats per minute?
60-100
85
Cellular death is also called:
necrosis
86
Common diagnostic tests used to diagnose respiratory disorders include:
ABGs, auscultation, bronchoscopy
87
Common signs and symptoms of asthma include:
dyspnea, wheezing
88
A bleeding time may assist in determining platelet disorders such as:
hemophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulation
89
A viral infection that affects primarily children and young adults is:
mononucleosis
90
Treatment for what type of shock can involve blood transfusions and intravenous fluid volume replacement?
Hypovolemic shock
91
What cells are responsible for humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
92
What is defined as any malignant tumor?
cancer
93
Common allergic reactions include:
contact dermatitis
94
What can be caused by the cancerous tissue ulcerating and bleeding?
Hemorrhage
95
The most common types of cancer excluding skin cancer are:
colon, breast, prostate
96
Leukemias and lymphomas are cancers of the:
lymphatic tissue and blood-forming organs.
97
Symptoms of osteomyelitis include
high fever, bacteremia, tenderness over the affected bone
98
With age, what becomes more rigid?
arteries
99
If there are more than two ends or fragments, the break is called a(n)_____ fracture.
comminuted
100
Symptoms of laryngitis include:
hoarseness
101
The word that describes a time when symptoms are diminished or temporarily resolved is:
remission
102
Which of the following is an inherited genetic disorder that affects skeletal muscle?
Muscular dystrophy
103
Lymphoma refers to several types of neoplasms that affect the:
lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and lymph fluid
104
What is right-sided heart failure related to acute or chronic pulmonary disease?
Cor pulmonale
105
What is the most definitive test for organisms in a lesion or wound?
Culture
106
refers to a group of symptoms, which might be caused by a specific disease but might also be caused by several interrelated problems.
syndrome
107
A common cause of cellulitis is:
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus
108
An example of triage, in general, is giving priority care to a patient who
complains of crushing, radiating chest pain.
109
Bronchial asthma is also known as:
asthma
110
Infectious cause of aplastic anemia includes:
viruses
111
Common causes of phlebitis are:
prolonged bed rest, obesity, injury
112
Common diseases and disorders experienced during the late phase of HIV include:
esophagitis, gastric ulcer, fungal infections
113
Common sites for carcinoma in situ include all of the following EXCEPT the:
ovary
114
Common sites of the bloodstream metastasis include all of the following
liver, lungs, brain
115
Common symptoms of anemia include:
tachycardia, pallor, dyspnea
116
Deficiency of folic acid may be related to:
consequences of alcoholism
117
Examples of common viral infections include:
mononucleosis, influenza, herpes simplex, common cold
118
Examples of helminth infections include:
roundworm, flatworm, tapeworm, pinworm
119
Examples of neoplasm include:
adenoma, lipoma, melanoma, chondrosarcoma, osteoma, leukemia
120
Factors influencing bone repair include:
age, general health status, circulation to the repair site
121
Having measles or mumps is an example of:
active natural immunity
122
Hypertension is best described as:
high arterial blood pressure
123
Intermittent claudication is characterized by:
muscle cramps in the legs
124
Leukocytosis is an indication of:
infection
125
Obesity:
shortens one’s life
126
People who have had blistering sunburns at a young age are at the greatest risk of developing:
melanoma
127
Possible causes of sinusitis include:
tooth infections, air pollution, blowing ones nose
128
Strategies to reduce risk factors for osteoporosis include:
decreased alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, decreased caffeine consumption
129
Risk factors known to cause primary hypertension include:
obesity, age, diet, stress, smoking, heredity
130
Risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) include:
bed rest, dehydration, varicose veins, leg or pelvic surgery, obesity, pregnancy
131
Scoliosis is:
lateral curvature of the back
132
Symptoms of angina may include pain that radiates into the:
left arm, neck, and jaw
133
Treatment interventions may include:
nutritional modifications, medications, education, physical therapy
134
Treatment of lymphangitis includes:
antibiotics, warm packs, elevation of the affected area
135
Treatment for spinal deformities includes:
eliminating causative factors, performing spinal surgery, bracing
136
Which organ is frequently affected by adhesions?
intestine
137
What two types of cancer have a higher incidence in some families?
breast and colon
138
What is a controllable factor in preventing atherosclerosis?
diet
139
Many of the carditis cases are
preventable.
140
Which symptoms are associated with shock?
low blood pressure, facial pallor, cool/clammy skin, tachypnea, altered mental state
141
Which test is done to screen for peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
Doppler flow probe for pulse in foot, ankle-brachial index(ABI), treadmill test, angiography
142
Classifications of trauma include:
Poisoning, motor vehicle accidents, falls, burns, choking, drowning
143
The microorganism that typically causes an abscess is:
streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria
144
The most definitive test used to diagnose a tumor is a:
biopsy
145
The holistic medicine concept considers which of the following aspects of being?
whole person; spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional being
146
normal erythrocyte cell count
4.2 to 6.3 million
147
common sites of bloodstream metastasis
liver, lungs, brain
148
causes of aplastic anemia
chemotherapy, radiation, viruses, and chemical toxins
149
characteristics of lymphadenitis
Swelling, pain, and tenderness of the gland or node are common
150
symptoms of hallux valgus
redness, pain, and swelling in the area and, often, the inability to wear pointed-toe or high-heeled shoes
151
Most common cause of upper respiratory infections
rhinovirus
152
