Final Review Flashcards
Factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris include:
increase in hormones, food allergies, endocrine disorders, heredity
How is a diagnosis of diabetes insidious made?
water restriction test
Treatments for Bell’s palsy
anti-inflammatories, analgesics, warm/moist heat, electrical nerve stimulation, and massage, possibly plastic surgery
Causes of gastritis
smoking, Helicobacter pylori infection, aspirin or NSAIDs use, alcohol consumption
urine from patients with hepatitis appears
dark
Causes of menorrhagia include
hormonal imbalance, uterine tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease
Common types of headaches include
migraine, tension, post-lumbar puncture, cluster
Drugs that cause a distorted response to visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation
hallucinogens
Examples of hallucinogens
mescaline, PCP, LSD
Prevention of dental caries includes
increased toothbrushing and flossing.
Catheterization is performed to
obtain a sterile urine specimen, treat incontinence, remove urine
Complications of mumps
orchitis and nerve conduction deafness
The advantage of doing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a traditional abdominal incision
decreases length of hospital stay, decreases recovery time, decreases number of missed workdays, less discomfort (drastically reduces pain)
Secondary liver tumors are a result of metastasis from
breast, digestive system, lungs
Symptoms of fulminant hepatitis include:
confusion, stupor, high fever, hemorrhages from skin and mucous membranes
Treatment for hypothyroidism includes:
thyroxine hormone replacement
Symptoms of measles
fever, inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes, runny nose, dusky/red/maculopapular rash over the trunk and extremities, Koplik’s spots in mouth
Snellen chart is used to measure
visual acuity
Causes of obstructions in hydronephrosis
kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, congenital defects in the urinary tract structure
“Cradle cap” is a form of
seborrheic dermatitis
Management of acne includes
clean with antibacterial soap, avoid squeezing the comedones, avoid the use of heavy makeup
Symptoms of hepatitis include
anorexia, malaise, jaundice, myalgia, fever, abdominal pain, dark-colored urine
Keratitis is an inflammation of
the cornea
The most common symptom of reflux esophagitis
heartburn
Cirrhosis of the liver is
chronic, degenerative and irreversbile
Environmental causes of congenital defects include
maternal radiation, metabolic disorders, medications
Influenza is characterized by
fever and chills, joint and muscle aches, a runny nose and dry cough
Terms commonly used in substance-related mental disorders
dependency, addictive, withdrawal
Factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris
endocrine disorders, heredity, food allergies
Congenital hip dislocation is obvious in the first month of life because the infant will have
limited hip abduction and asymmetrical folds of the affected thigh.
A distinguishing characteristic of Graves’ disease
bulging eyes
Treatment for metrorrhagia
D&C
Purging behaviors include
induced vomiting and excessive use of laxatives
Herpes varicella is also known as
chickenpox
The four categories of infectious diseases of childhood
viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic
Causes of epilepsy
brain tumors, a neurological disease, scar tissue in the brain due to trauma or stroke
Herpes simplex type 1 is also known as
fever blisters and/or cold sores
An increase in the production of sebum causing inflammation in areas of the skin with the greatest number of glands is called
seborrheic dermatitis
Signs of hydrocephalus
bulging eyes, a shrill high-pitched cry, prominent head veins
Angel dust, peace pill, and peace weed are street names for
PCP
What is it called when a catheter is placed through an incision into the pelvic wall
suprapubic
Disorders that typically have headaches as a symptom
hypertension, anemia, sinusitis, meningitis, encephalitis, constipation, premenstrual tension, and tumors
Common signs and symptoms of the female reproductive tract include
abnormal discharge from the nipple, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse
Signs and symptoms of otitis media include
the child pulling on the ear, drainage from the ear, a reddish, bulging eardrum
Treatment for headaches includes
warm baths, muscle relaxants, rest in a quiet, dark room
Common disorders of the eye include
strabismus, cataracts, glaucoma
Infants born to crack-using mothers exhibit which symptoms
tremors, low birth weight, frantic sucking activities
Caffeine is a stimulant found in which substances
coffee, chocolate, tea
A possible cause of blepharitis includes
seborrhea, a bacterial infection, an allergic reaction
Muscular dystrophy is characterized by
muscles that are unable to store protein, muscle fibers that die and are replaced with fat and connective tissue, muscles that digress from weak to useless
During an otoscopic examination, the _____ can be visualized
tympanic membrane
Impetigo is caused by
staphylococcus
Treatment of viral hepatitis includes
adequate nutrition and rest
Symptoms of the common cold include
sneezing, a nasal discharge, watery eyes
Urine is normally
yellow and clear
Laboratory tests performed to diagnose diseases or disorders of the male reproductive system include
testosterone levels, PSA, a sperm count
The most commonly performed test of the female reproductive system is the
Pap smear
Commonly abused substances in substance-induced dementia include
alcohol, paint fumes, cocaine
Vaccine is available for hepatitis
A, B
Common symptoms of gallbladder disease include
excessive gas, N&V, right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain
Which condition can be caused by hormonal disorders, malformation or absence of female organs, pregnancy, or anorexia
amenorrhea
Symptoms of a strep throat infection
sore throat, fever, pain with swallowing, red spots on roof of mouth, red and swollen tonsils
Reflux esophagitis is inflammation of
tissue at the lower end of the esophagus
Hiatal hernias occur when part of the stomach slides into the
thoracic cavity
Treatment for esophageal varices includes
treatment to decrease venous pressure, a soft diet
Common signs and symptoms of diseases of the urinary system
hematuria, oliguria, and pyuria, nocturia
low back or flank pain, frequency, urgency
Females are more prone to UTIs because
their urethra is shorter, their urethral opening being closer to the rectum, improper wiping
Symptoms of kidney stones include
spasmodic flank pain
The most common cause of glomerulonephritis
streptococcus
Prevention of UTIs
drink six to eight glasses of water per day, wipe from front to back, urinate before and after sexual intercourse
The most common bacteria to cause urinary tract infections
E. coli
A neurogenic bladder may be caused by
stroke, tumor, spinal cord accident
Giantism is a result of oversecretion of
GH (somatotropin)
Complications of acromegaly
shortened life expectancy, disfigurement, congestive heart failure
A goiter is a growth on the
thyroid
Symptoms characteristic of myxedema include:
swelling of facial tissue
A chronic disease affecting carbohydrate, or sugar metabolism due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreatic islets of Langerhan
Diabetes Mellitus
Common symptoms of degenerative disk disease include
radiating pain down one or both legs
Symptoms of vascular dementia include:
change in memory, change in personality, irritability
Symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
weakness of arm or leg, or both; slurred speech; mild loss of consciousness
Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
dysphagia, dysphasia, hemiparesis, confusion, difficulty seeing, incoordination, severe headache, numbness on one side of body
Shingles occurs in:
adults
Symptoms of meningitis include:
sudden onset of high fever, nuchal rigidity, severe headache
Encephalitis may be spread by:
mosquitoes
Common signs and symptoms of eye disease
pain or burning in or around eye, decreased visual acuity or ability to see, any visual disorder such as seeing flashes of light, eye redness
Common signs and symptoms of ear disease
otalgia, deafness, vertigo, tinnitus
The inability of the aging lens to properly focus light rays is known as:
presbyopia
Common signs and symptoms of the male reproductive tract include:
lesions on the external genitalia, abnormal penile discharge, welling or abnormal enlargement of the reproductive organs
Complications of endometriosis
infertility, an ectopic pregnancy, a spontaneous abortion
Symptoms of dysmenorrhea include
low back pain, pain radiating to the upper back, dull to severe cramping
Primary amenorrhea occurs if menses have not occurred by age:
18
Common signs and symptoms of diseases of the integumentary system include
pain, pruritus, skin lesions
Symptoms of Lyme disease include:
flulike symptoms, arthritis, bull’s-eye rash
The formation of a capsule to wall off and prevent the spread of a staphylococcal infection is an example of
abscess
The most common form of tinea infections is:
tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Cystic fibrosis affects which structures
pancreas, lungs, sweat glands
Symptoms of pyloric stenosis include:
projectile vomiting beginning at 2-4 weeks of age, mostly in boys
The defects involved in tetralogy of Fallot include:
pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect
Common symptoms of a myelomeningocele
paralysis of the legs, bowel and bladder incontinence, skeletal malformation
Complications of cerebral palsy include
infant-difficulty sucking or swallowing
visual and hearing deficits, seizure activity, mental challenges, muscle weakness,, hyperactive reflexes, scissors gait
Signs of osteogenesis imperfecta include:
frequent fractures, blue coloration of the sclera of the eyes, otosclerotic deafness
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by:
brittle bones
Tests to diagnose prenatal disorders
ultrasonography, amniotic fluid analysis, maternal blood analysis
Treatment for infectious diseases consists of
good nutrition, good handwashing techniques, rest
Rubella is also known as:
German measles, 3-day measles
Symptoms of varicella include:
a macular rash, vesicles, intense itching
Symptoms of mononucleosis include:
sore throat, fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes
The symptoms of ADHD include
hyperactivity, an inability to concentrate, impulsiveness
Typical characteristics of an individual with anorexia nervosa include:
body image distortion, an intense fear of becoming fat, an adolescent female
Examples of tics include
eye blinking, throat clearing, facial grimacing
Treatment for enuresis includes
restricting fluids after the evening meal, bladder training to enlarge bladder capacity, urinating before bedtime
The use of inhalants over a long period of time may cause permanent damage to:
brain, heart, kidneys
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include
weight gain, irritability, depression
Melena is due to the presence of blood in the:
stool
Periodontal disease affects the:
gums
Common symptoms of gastritis
epigastric pain and bloating
Ascites is an accumulation of fluid in the
abdominal cavity
When obtaining a sterile urine specimen, the patient needs to get a _____ specimen.
catheterized urine
Signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis include
swollen eyes and ankles, flank pain, fever, loss of appetite, malaise, oliguria, hematuria
Risk factors for developing macular degeneration
cigarette smoking, farsightedness, light eye color
