Midterm review Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you identify an amino acid?

A
  • Central carbon atom
  • Carboxyl group (COOH)
  • Amino group (NH2)
  • Hydrogen atom (H)
  • Side chain (R)
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2
Q

What are the three binding sites?

A

A site: incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs
P site: peptidyl tRNA
E site: empty tRNAs exit

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3
Q

Differences between types of RNA.

A

mRNA: messenger of coding sequences.
tRNA: carry amino acids to ribosomes.
rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes.

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4
Q

Summarize the process of transcription.

A

Ex) Take a photo of a recipe with your phone.

  • Initiation: promoter signals where and when transcription takes place.
  • Elongation: appropriate nucleotides are brought together.
  • Termination: reaches the terminator sequence.
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5
Q

Summarize the process of translation.

A

Ex) Process of making the cookies using the image of the recipe on your phone.

  • RNA attaches to a ribosome.
  • Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA and linked together to form the polypeptide chain.
  • AUG start codon.
  • Ribosome reads 3 proteins at a time.
  • 3 stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

How cells break up sugars into energy they can use.

Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + ATP

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7
Q

CR products

A

Glycolysis: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, NADH, CO2
Citric aid cycle: 2 carbon, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
Electron transport chain: water, ATP

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