Midterm - RBC Anomalies

Question 1

• refers to erythrocytes with normal amount of hemoglobin.
• possesses a central pallor which is about 1/3 of its
  diameter.

Answer 1

Normochromic cell

Question 2

refers to erythrocytes wherein the central light area of the
cell is larger and paler than the normal

Answer 2

Hypochromic cell

Question 3

red cells which have an increased hb content and wherein
the central light area is smaller than the normal

Answer 3

Hyperchromic Cell

Question 4

This condition wherein the red cell is stained with various
shades of blue with tinges of pink.
* This is due combination of the affinity of hb to acid stain
and the affinity of RNA to the basic dye.

Answer 4

Polychromasia

Question 5

Condition where in the red cells
appear pale

Answer 5

Hypochromasia

Question 6

Causes of Hypochromasia

Answer 6

• IDA (Iron
  Deficiency Anemia
• Sideroblastic anemia
• Thalassemia

Question 7

Conditioned wherein the red cell is
deeply stained too abnormal
thickness of cells

Answer 7

Hyperchromasia

Question 8

Causes of Hyperchromasia

Answer 8

• Macrocytosis
• Spherocytosis
• Megaloblastic anemia

Question 9

• 6-8 um in diameter normal
• Associated disease: seen in normal condition, acute post
  hemorrhagic anemia

Answer 9

Normocyte

Question 10

larger than normal greater than 8um in size round in
shape MCV

Answer 10

Macrocyte

Question 11

• cell which is less than 6um in size MCV less than 80 FL
  ▪ Defect: Abnormal cytoplasmic maturation but
  normal nuclear maturation

Answer 11

Microcyte

Question 12

large oval-shaped red cell which is 9-12um .
▪ Defect: Abnormal nuclear maturation but
normal cytoplasmic maturation

Answer 12

Megalocyte

Question 13

Megalocytosis is found in

Answer 13

• Megaloblastic anemias like pernicious anemia
• Anemia
• Vit. B12 deficiency anemia or vit B12 def.
• D. latum infection

Question 14

Normal cell with a biconcave disc shape with increased
surface volume surface

Answer 14

Discocyte

Question 15

small dense RBC with few irregularly spaced projections of varying length

Answer 15

Acanthocytes (Spur Cell)

Question 16

abnormal
membrane defect caused
by an increase
sphingomyelin and dec in
cholesterol and
phospholipid.

Answer 16

Acanthocytes (Spur Cell)

Question 17

Defect: Cell membrane is folded
* CD: Cell assumes a “Pocket book
roll” appearance or biscuit shape
* AD:
o HbSC disease
o HbCC disease
o Basically, seen in
hemoglobinopathies

Answer 17

Biscuit Cell (Folded RBC)

Question 18

Defect: Abnormal lipid content
of the membrane
* CD: cell with irregularly spaced
blunt processes, resembles
crenated RBC

Answer 18

Burr Cell

Question 19

Uremia, MAHA (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), Liver ds, DIC
(disseminated intravascular coagulation), TTP, PKD

Answer 19

Burr Cell

Question 20

• Defect: G6P def. resulting to
  accumulation of Heinz bodies
• CD: cell w/ eccentric vacuoles
  due to the plucked-out Heinz
  body
• ADS:
  o G6PD def.
  o HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
  o MAHA (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)

Answer 20

Blister Cell (Bite Cell)

Question 21

ATP deficiency due to
prolonged storage of
anticoagulated blood
* Pathologically- due to
abnormal lipid content of the
membrane

Answer 21

Echinocytes or Crenated Cells / Burr Cells

Question 22

CD: Cell w/ central area of
Hb surrounded by colorless
area and a peripheral ring
* These cells have increase
surface to volume ration
* ADS:
o Thalassemia
o Liver ds,
o Hemolytic anemia,
o Hemoglobinopathies like:
▪ HbSS
▪ HbCC
▪ HbDD
▪ HbEE
o Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
o LCAT def.
o Obstructive Liver ds
o Post splenectom

Answer 22

Codocytes

Question 23

Cells appear in the
shape of a teardrop or pear
with a single short or long
protrusion due to splenic
passage

Answer 23

Teardrop Cell (Dacryocyte)

Question 24

Also known as ovalocytes

Answer 24

Elliptocytes

Question 25

o Hb appears to be
concentrated at the
two ends of the cell
leaving a normal
central area of pallor.
o Life span is shortened

Answer 25

Elliptocytes

Question 26

small round dense cell which
lacks the central pallor area
usually microcytic and sphere
shaped.

Answer 26

Spherocyte

Question 27

• Cresent shape cell due to
  abnormal aggregation of HbS
  which gives a tendency for the
  cell to assume a sickle shape.
• Sickle cells are thin and
  elongated with pointed ends
  and are well filled with Hb.

Answer 27

Sickle Cell (Drepanocytes)

Question 28

Cell fragmentation due to trauma caused by
physical and mechanical agents.

Answer 28

Schistocytes

Question 29

o DIC
o TTP
o HUS
o ECLAMPSIA

Answer 29

Schistocytes

Question 30

• Mouth Cells Characterized by an
  elongated or slit-like area of
  central pallor
• Caused by osmotic changes due
  to cation imbalance (Na,K)

Answer 30

Stomatocyte