Midterm - RBC Anomalies Flashcards
- refers to erythrocytes with normal amount of hemoglobin.
- possesses a central pallor which is about 1/3 of its
diameter.
Normochromic cell
refers to erythrocytes wherein the central light area of the
cell is larger and paler than the normal
Hypochromic cell
red cells which have an increased hb content and wherein
the central light area is smaller than the normal
Hyperchromic Cell
This condition wherein the red cell is stained with various
shades of blue with tinges of pink.
* This is due combination of the affinity of hb to acid stain
and the affinity of RNA to the basic dye.
Polychromasia
Condition where in the red cells
appear pale
Hypochromasia
Causes of Hypochromasia
- IDA (Iron
Deficiency Anemia - Sideroblastic anemia
- Thalassemia
Conditioned wherein the red cell is
deeply stained too abnormal
thickness of cells
Hyperchromasia
Causes of Hyperchromasia
- Macrocytosis
- Spherocytosis
- Megaloblastic anemia
- 6-8 um in diameter normal
- Associated disease: seen in normal condition, acute post
hemorrhagic anemia
Normocyte
larger than normal greater than 8um in size round in
shape MCV
Macrocyte
- cell which is less than 6um in size MCV less than 80 FL
▪ Defect: Abnormal cytoplasmic maturation but
normal nuclear maturation
Microcyte
large oval-shaped red cell which is 9-12um .
▪ Defect: Abnormal nuclear maturation but
normal cytoplasmic maturation
Megalocyte
Megalocytosis is found in
- Megaloblastic anemias like pernicious anemia
- Anemia
- Vit. B12 deficiency anemia or vit B12 def.
- D. latum infection
Normal cell with a biconcave disc shape with increased
surface volume surface
Discocyte
small dense RBC with few irregularly spaced projections of varying length
Acanthocytes (Spur Cell)
abnormal
membrane defect caused
by an increase
sphingomyelin and dec in
cholesterol and
phospholipid.
Acanthocytes (Spur Cell)
Defect: Cell membrane is folded
* CD: Cell assumes a “Pocket book
roll” appearance or biscuit shape
* AD:
o HbSC disease
o HbCC disease
o Basically, seen in
hemoglobinopathies
Biscuit Cell (Folded RBC)
Defect: Abnormal lipid content
of the membrane
* CD: cell with irregularly spaced
blunt processes, resembles
crenated RBC
Burr Cell
Uremia, MAHA (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), Liver ds, DIC
(disseminated intravascular coagulation), TTP, PKD
Burr Cell
- Defect: G6P def. resulting to
accumulation of Heinz bodies - CD: cell w/ eccentric vacuoles
due to the plucked-out Heinz
body - ADS:
o G6PD def.
o HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
o MAHA (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)
Blister Cell (Bite Cell)
ATP deficiency due to
prolonged storage of
anticoagulated blood
* Pathologically- due to
abnormal lipid content of the
membrane
Echinocytes or Crenated Cells / Burr Cells
CD: Cell w/ central area of
Hb surrounded by colorless
area and a peripheral ring
* These cells have increase
surface to volume ration
* ADS:
o Thalassemia
o Liver ds,
o Hemolytic anemia,
o Hemoglobinopathies like:
▪ HbSS
▪ HbCC
▪ HbDD
▪ HbEE
o Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
o LCAT def.
o Obstructive Liver ds
o Post splenectom
Codocytes
Cells appear in the
shape of a teardrop or pear
with a single short or long
protrusion due to splenic
passage
Teardrop Cell (Dacryocyte)
Also known as ovalocytes
Elliptocytes
o Hb appears to be
concentrated at the
two ends of the cell
leaving a normal
central area of pallor.
o Life span is shortened
Elliptocytes
small round dense cell which
lacks the central pallor area
usually microcytic and sphere
shaped.
Spherocyte
- Cresent shape cell due to
abnormal aggregation of HbS
which gives a tendency for the
cell to assume a sickle shape. - Sickle cells are thin and
elongated with pointed ends
and are well filled with Hb.
Sickle Cell (Drepanocytes)
Cell fragmentation due to trauma caused by
physical and mechanical agents.
Schistocytes
o DIC
o TTP
o HUS
o ECLAMPSIA
Schistocytes
- Mouth Cells Characterized by an
elongated or slit-like area of
central pallor - Caused by osmotic changes due
to cation imbalance (Na,K)
Stomatocyte
